The polymerizable composition contains: a) a polymerizable compound having one or two or more polymerizable groups and satisfying formula (I):

Re(450 nm)/Re(550 nm)<1.0  (I);

b) at least one photopolymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of alkylphenone-based compounds, acylphosphine oxide-based compounds, and oxime ester-based compounds; and c) a polymerization inhibitor. The present invention also provides an optically anisotropic body, a retardation film, an antireflective film, and a liquid crystal display device that are produced using the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. The polymerizable composition of the present invention is excellent in solubility and has high storage stability, so that no precipitation of crystals etc. occurs. When a film-shaped polymer is produced by polymerizing the above composition, the unevenness of the surface of the coating film is small while the alignment of the liquid crystal is maintained, and high durability is obtained. Therefore, the polymerizable composition is useful.

An optical adhesive including a viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer and a cured polymer layer immediately adjacent the viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer is described. The viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer a refractive index less than 1.570 and the cured polymer layer has a refractive index of at least 1.570. An interface between the viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer and the cured polymer layer is structured. The cured polymer layer has a storage modulus of at least 2000 MPa at 20° C. and a glass transition temperature of no more than 65° C.

An optical adhesive including a viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer and a cured polymer layer immediately adjacent the viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer is described. The viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer a refractive index less than 1.570 and the cured polymer layer has a refractive index of at least 1.570. An interface between the viscoelastic or elastomeric adhesive layer and the cured polymer layer is structured. The cured polymer layer has a storage modulus of at least 2000 MPa at 20° C. and a glass transition temperature of no more than 65° C.

Provided herein are processes for the generation of composite polymer materials utilizing a single resin. The processes utilize diffusion between a region undergoing a polymerization reaction preferentially polymerizing one monomer component and an unreactive region. Diffusion and subsequent/concurrent polymerization results in a higher concentration of the more reactive monomer component in the reacting region and a higher concentration of the less reactive monomer components in the unreactive region. The unreactive region may be later polymerized. In embodiments, photopolymerization is used and the regions are generated by a mask or other mechanism to pattern the light.

Provided herein are processes for the generation of composite polymer materials utilizing a single resin. The processes utilize diffusion between a region undergoing a polymerization reaction preferentially polymerizing one monomer component and an unreactive region. Diffusion and subsequent/concurrent polymerization results in a higher concentration of the more reactive monomer component in the reacting region and a higher concentration of the less reactive monomer components in the unreactive region. The unreactive region may be later polymerized. In embodiments, photopolymerization is used and the regions are generated by a mask or other mechanism to pattern the light.

A radiation curable composition including at least one radiation hardenable component, a photo-initiator, and a filler material having a population of particulates in an amount greater than or equal to 50% by weight of the printable composition. The population of particulates exhibits a median diameter (D50) of greater than or equal to 0.3 micrometer on a volume-average basis as determined using the Particle Size Test Method, and the radiation curable composition exhibits a viscosity of less than or equal to 150 Pa s when measured using the Viscosity Test Method. A method, apparatus, and systems for producing composite articles by selectively exposing a portion of the radiation curable composition to a source of actinic radiation to at least partially cure the exposed portion of the radiation curable composition, thereby forming a hardened layer, preferably by an additive manufacturing process such as stereophotolithography, are also described. The composite articles may include composite dental restorations.

A polymerizable composition containing: a) a polymerizable compound having one or two or more polymerizable groups and satisfying formula (I): Re(450 nm)/Re(550 nm)<1.0 (I); b) at least one photopolymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of alkylphenone-based compounds, acylphosphine oxide-based compounds, and oxime ester-based compounds; and c) a polymerization inhibitor. An optically anisotropic body, a retardation film, an antireflective film, and a liquid crystal display device that are produced using the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. The polymerizable composition is excellent in solubility and has high storage stability, so that no precipitation of crystals etc. occurs. When a film-shaped polymer is produced by polymerizing the above composition, the unevenness of the surface of the coating film is small while the alignment of the liquid crystal is maintained, and high durability is obtained. Therefore, the polymerizable composition is useful.

An object of the invention is to provide a photo-alignment copolymer capable of improving upper layer coatability after layer formation, a binder composition, a binder layer, an optical laminate, and an image display device. A photo-alignment copolymer according to the embodiment of the invention has a repeating unit A including a photo-alignment group, a repeating unit B including a crosslinkable group which causes a crosslinking reaction by the action of at least one selected from the group consisting of light, heat, an acid, and a base, and a repeating unit C including a cleaving group which decomposes by the action of at least one selected from the group consisting of light, heat, an acid, and a base to produce a polar group, and the repeating unit C has the cleaving group on a side chain, and has a group of atoms which is provided on a side closer to a terminal than the cleaving group on the side chain to be able to unevenly distribute the photo-alignment copolymer on an air interface side.

An object of the invention is to provide a photo-alignment copolymer capable of improving upper layer coatability after layer formation, a binder composition, a binder layer, an optical laminate, and an image display device. A photo-alignment copolymer according to the embodiment of the invention has a repeating unit A including a photo-alignment group, a repeating unit B including a crosslinkable group which causes a crosslinking reaction by the action of at least one selected from the group consisting of light, heat, an acid, and a base, and a repeating unit C including a cleaving group which decomposes by the action of at least one selected from the group consisting of light, heat, an acid, and a base to produce a polar group, and the repeating unit C has the cleaving group on a side chain, and has a group of atoms which is provided on a side closer to a terminal than the cleaving group on the side chain to be able to unevenly distribute the photo-alignment copolymer on an air interface side.

Provided are an optical film, a circularly polarizing plate, and an image display apparatus in each of which the occurrence of cracks is suppressed in the obtained film in a case of being punched. The optical film includes a stretched resin film and a liquid crystal layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound twist-aligned along a helical axis extending along a direction in thickness, in which a δa value calculated using a three-dimensional solubility parameter of a resin in the stretched resin film is 8.0 MPa.sup.1/2 or less, the liquid crystal layer contains a cured substance of a polyfunctional compound having two or more polymerizable groups in one molecule, and an absolute value of a difference between the δa value calculated using the three-dimensional solubility parameter of the polyfunctional compound and the δa value calculated using the three-dimensional solubility parameter of the resin is 4.0 MPa.sup.1/2 or less.