The present invention includes compositions, methods, and methods of making and using a nanoscale discoidal membrane comprising: an amphiphilic membrane patch comprising self-assembled molecular amphiphiles capable of supporting one or more membrane proteins in the amphiphilic membrane patch; and one or more amphipathic scaffold macromolecules that encase the nanoscale discoidal membrane.

The copolymer of the present disclosure comprises a first structural unit represented by Formula (1) and a second structural unit represented by Formula (2). In Formula (1), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbons. x1 is an integer of 1 to 4.

In Formula (2), R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbons. x2 is an integer of 1 to 4, and y is an integer of 3 to 7.

The copolymer of the present disclosure comprises a first structural unit represented by Formula (1) and a second structural unit represented by Formula (2). In Formula (1), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbons. x1 is an integer of 1 to 4.

In Formula (2), R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbons. x2 is an integer of 1 to 4, and y is an integer of 3 to 7.

Release paper base paper includes a substrate; and a coating agent containing a modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) and sodium acetate, the substrate coated with the coating agent, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) has 0.005 mol % or more and less than 10 mol % of double bonds derived from unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (B) in side chains, has 1.4 mol % or more and 2.0 mol % or less of 1,2-glycol bond, units, and is water soluble, and a content of the sodium acetate relative to the modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) is 0.01 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less. The release paper base paper of the present invention is excellent in sealing properties for silicone. Use of the release paper base paper allows acceleration of curing of silicone in a release layer and improvement in adhesion between the substrate and the release layer.

Release paper base paper includes a substrate; and a coating agent containing a modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) and sodium acetate, the substrate coated with the coating agent, wherein the modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) has 0.005 mol % or more and less than 10 mol % of double bonds derived from unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof (B) in side chains, has 1.4 mol % or more and 2.0 mol % or less of 1,2-glycol bond, units, and is water soluble, and a content of the sodium acetate relative to the modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) is 0.01 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less. The release paper base paper of the present invention is excellent in sealing properties for silicone. Use of the release paper base paper allows acceleration of curing of silicone in a release layer and improvement in adhesion between the substrate and the release layer.

Polycationic polymeric antimicrobial surfactant and polymeric biocompatible antimicrobial surfactant compositions are useful in dispersing various compounds in a carrier liquid. The polycationic polymeric antimicrobial surfactant and polymeric biocompatible antimicrobial surfactant compositions employ polymers having both hydrophilic domains and hydrophobic domains so that the compositions can disperse particles such as polymer particles or droplets in a continuous phase as well as provide stable dispersions that have not been provided before. The antimicrobial properties of the compositions provide much-needed capabilities of fighting infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses in a wide spectrum of products such as paint, adhesives, and coatings. Methods of using these compositions as well as methods of making products using the compositions are disclosed.

Polycationic polymeric antimicrobial surfactant and polymeric biocompatible antimicrobial surfactant compositions are useful in dispersing various compounds in a carrier liquid. The polycationic polymeric antimicrobial surfactant and polymeric biocompatible antimicrobial surfactant compositions employ polymers having both hydrophilic domains and hydrophobic domains so that the compositions can disperse particles such as polymer particles or droplets in a continuous phase as well as provide stable dispersions that have not been provided before. The antimicrobial properties of the compositions provide much-needed capabilities of fighting infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses in a wide spectrum of products such as paint, adhesives, and coatings. Methods of using these compositions as well as methods of making products using the compositions are disclosed.

Polycationic polymeric antimicrobial surfactant and polymeric biocompatible antimicrobial surfactant compositions are useful in dispersing various compounds in a carrier liquid. The polycationic polymeric antimicrobial surfactant and polymeric biocompatible antimicrobial surfactant compositions employ polymers having both hydrophilic domains and hydrophobic domains so that the compositions can disperse particles such as polymer particles or droplets in a continuous phase as well as provide stable dispersions that have not been provided before. The antimicrobial properties of the compositions provide much-needed capabilities of fighting infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses in a wide spectrum of products such as paint, adhesives, and coatings. Methods of using these compositions as well as methods of making products using the compositions are disclosed.

The present invention includes a diblock copolymer system that self-assembles at very low molecular weights to form very small features. In one embodiment, one polymer in the block copolymer contains silicon, and the other polymer is a polylactide. In one embodiment, the block copolymer is synthesized by a combination of anionic and ring opening polymerization reactions. In one embodiment, the purpose of this block copolymer is to form nanoporous materials that can be used as etch masks in lithographic patterning.

The present invention includes a diblock copolymer system that self-assembles at very low molecular weights to form very small features. In one embodiment, one polymer in the block copolymer contains silicon, and the other polymer is a polylactide. In one embodiment, the block copolymer is synthesized by a combination of anionic and ring opening polymerization reactions. In one embodiment, the purpose of this block copolymer is to form nanoporous materials that can be used as etch masks in lithographic patterning.