An ionic composition including an ionic liquid and a polyether compound having a cationic group is provided. The present invention can provide an ionic composition having a very low vapor pressure, low flammability, and excellent low-temperature properties.

The present disclosure relates to a cellulose-polymer composite solar cell that is substantially biodegradable and fabricated using environmentally friendly materials and methods. The polymer solar cell comprises an electrically conductive cellulose-polymer composite and an electrically semiconductive cellulose-polymer composite.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a wet gel includes a crosslinked silicone resin in which a silicone resin composition is solidified; a first liquid capable of dissolving the silicone resin composition; and one of a solid capable of being dissolved in the first liquid, and a second liquid such that a degree of swelling, when the crosslinked silicone resin is immersed in the second liquid, is less than a degree of swelling when the crosslinked silicone resin is immersed in n-dodecane, wherein the second liquid is capable of being mixed with the first liquid.

Dispersions are prepared by dispersing a polymer precursor such as a polyol into a non-aqueous fluid. The resulting droplets of the polymer precursor is partially polymerized to produce liquid or partially gelled droplets, and then sized to a target particle size. The sized particles are then cured to form solid particles. The process allows for close control of particle size, allows for good control of temperature, and is amenable to batch, semi-continuous or even continuous operation. The resulting dispersions are useful as electrorheological fluids.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a wet gel includes a crosslinked silicone resin in which a silicone resin composition is solidified; a first liquid capable of dissolving the silicone resin composition; and one of a solid capable of being dissolved in the first liquid, and a second liquid such that a degree of swelling, when the crosslinked silicone resin is immersed in the second liquid, is less than a degree of swelling when the crosslinked silicone resin is immersed in n-dodecane, wherein the second liquid is capable of being mixed with the first liquid.

Provided is a copolymer having polyester and polyether structures and exhibiting high level of degradability by external stimuli such as light, preferably a polyester-polyether copolymer having at least two radical polymerizable unsaturated groups per molecule; an elastomer spherical particle composed of the copolymers as structural units, and methods of producing these. Also provided are a copolymer having a polyester structure and a polyether structure; and an elastomer spherical particle composed of a polymer containing structural units originated from the copolymer having a polyester structure and a polyether structure, wherein the spherical particle has a volume-average particle diameter of 0.5 to 200 m.