The present invention addresses the problem of providing a plasma spraying material with which it is possible to form an HAp film that has high hardness and is not susceptible to abrasion, even under conditions involving plasma spraying with low flame energy. In the present invention, an HAp powder having an average particle diameter (D.sub.50) of 15-40 μm and a pore volume of 0.01-0.30 cc/g at a pore diameter of 2000 nm or less as measured through mercury intrusion makes it possible to form an HAp film that has high hardness, is not susceptible to abrasion, and can be subjected to plasma spraying, even under conditions involving plasma spraying with low flame energy.

Provided are an alginate dialdehyde-functionalized material, an alginate dialdehyde-modified material, and preparation methods therefor. Further provided is use of the above materials and methods in the manufacture of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral protective products. Raw materials used and the preparation methods are simple, economical, environmentally friendly and easy to scale up, have high inhibitory activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses and have great application potential in the fields of biology, medicine, health, etc.

Disclosed is a degradable film (1) in which a barrier layer (3) is disposed on a surface of a water-soluble polymer layer (2). The water-soluble polymer layer (2) is made of a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The barrier layer (3) is made of silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride. The barrier layer (3) is formed on the water-soluble polymer layer (2) by a CVD process with the supply of a raw material gas containing a precursor of a substance that forms the barrier layer (3), an ozone gas with an oxygen concentration of 20 vol % or higher and an unsaturated hydrocarbon gas to the water-soluble polymer layer (2).

Disclosed is a degradable film (1) in which a barrier layer (3) is disposed on a surface of a water-soluble polymer layer (2). The water-soluble polymer layer (2) is made of a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The barrier layer (3) is made of silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride. The barrier layer (3) is formed on the water-soluble polymer layer (2) by a CVD process with the supply of a raw material gas containing a precursor of a substance that forms the barrier layer (3), an ozone gas with an oxygen concentration of 20 vol % or higher and an unsaturated hydrocarbon gas to the water-soluble polymer layer (2).

A method of creating an interface includes: a) adding organometallic compounds to a polymeric material to create an interfacial layer; b) placing the polymeric material having the interfacial layer in a mold; c) heating a deposit material until the deposit material has a predetermined-minimized volumetric density; and d) depositing the deposit material on the interfacial layer. The latent heat of the molten metallic material transfers to the interfacial layer to create chemical bonds and physical interlocks between the interfacial layer and the metallic material. The deposit material cools to form solidified layer on the interfacial layer.

A polymeric composition containing at least one polymer and halloysite nanotubes is disclosed. At least a portion of the halloysite nanotubes is loaded with a phase change material and each of the loaded halloysite nanotubes contains at most one kind of phase change material. In addition, a preparation method and use of the polymeric composition are further provided.

A film comprising a perforated layer, wherein the perforated layer is characterized by water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of at least 300 gr/m2/day; and wherein the perforated layer is characterized by a liquid permeability of less than 0.6 gr when measured according to AATCC 35. Further, methods of manufacturing the composition of the invention are provided.

A film comprising a perforated layer, wherein the perforated layer is characterized by water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of at least 300 gr/m2/day; and wherein the perforated layer is characterized by a liquid permeability of less than 0.6 gr when measured according to AATCC 35. Further, methods of manufacturing the composition of the invention are provided.

A film including: an organic polymeric substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface; an optional acrylic hardcoat layer disposed on the first major surface of the substrate; a siliceous primer layer disposed on the organic polymeric substrate or on the optional acrylic hardcoat layer, wherein the siliceous primer layer includes composite particles including an organic polymer portion and a siliceous portion; and a superhydrophilic surface layer disposed on the siliceous primer layer, wherein the superhydrophilic surface layer includes hydrophilic-functional groups.

A film including: an organic polymeric substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface; an optional acrylic hardcoat layer disposed on the first major surface of the substrate; a siliceous primer layer disposed on the organic polymeric substrate or on the optional acrylic hardcoat layer, wherein the siliceous primer layer includes composite particles including an organic polymer portion and a siliceous portion; and a superhydrophilic surface layer disposed on the siliceous primer layer, wherein the superhydrophilic surface layer includes hydrophilic-functional groups.