A tire has a material diffusion barrier, and a method produces the same. In an embodiment, a method for producing a material diffusion barrier on a tire comprises exposing a surface of the tire to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer on the surface. The method further comprises exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer on the cationic layer, wherein a layer comprises the cationic layer and the anionic layer. The layer comprises the material diffusion barrier.

A tire has a material diffusion barrier, and a method produces the same. In an embodiment, a method for producing a material diffusion barrier on a tire comprises exposing a surface of the tire to a cationic solution to produce a cationic layer on the surface. The method further comprises exposing the cationic layer to an anionic solution to produce an anionic layer on the cationic layer, wherein a layer comprises the cationic layer and the anionic layer. The layer comprises the material diffusion barrier.

Provided is a powder material for forming a three-dimensional object, the powder material containing granulated particles containing: a resin; and inorganic particles of which primary particles have a volume average particle diameter of 1 micrometer or less, wherein the granulated particles have a volume average particle diameter of 10 micrometers or greater but 70 micrometers or less and a BET specific surface area of 6 m.sup.2/g or greater but 8 m.sup.2/g or less.

A thickened aqueous composition containing about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight, of an superabsorbent polymer, about 0.1% to about 20%, of a silicone elastomer; about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight, of a fatty alcohol; and from about 20% to about 98% of water.

A thickened aqueous composition containing about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight, of an superabsorbent polymer, about 0.1% to about 20%, of a silicone elastomer; about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight, of a fatty alcohol; and from about 20% to about 98% of water.

Bio-based glacial acrylic acid, produced from hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof and having impurities of hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof, is polymerized to poly(acrylic acid) or superabsorbent polymer using the same processes as petroleum-derived glacial acrylic acid.

Bio-based glacial acrylic acid, produced from hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof and having impurities of hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxypropionic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof, is polymerized to poly(acrylic acid) or superabsorbent polymer using the same processes as petroleum-derived glacial acrylic acid.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a negative electrode plate for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that has high capacity and good cycle characteristics and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. A negative electrode plate for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention contains a negative-electrode active material containing a carbon material and a silicon oxide, carboxymethylcellulose, a polyacrylate partially neutralized by at least one of NaOH and NH.sub.3, and a copolymer containing at least two selected from the group consisting of styrene, butadiene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile as constitutional units.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a negative electrode plate for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that has high capacity and good cycle characteristics and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. A negative electrode plate for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention contains a negative-electrode active material containing a carbon material and a silicon oxide, carboxymethylcellulose, a polyacrylate partially neutralized by at least one of NaOH and NH.sub.3, and a copolymer containing at least two selected from the group consisting of styrene, butadiene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile as constitutional units.

Provided herein are compositions comprising an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises a liquid oil component; a cross-linked homopolymer based on acrylic acid and/or a cross-linked copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters; and water. In some embodiments, the composition is a vehicle for the delivery of an active agent.