A pigment dispersant can be obtained by reacting amine-rich moieties C with at least one polymer P having one or more amine reactive groups. The amine-rich moieties C have an amine density of at least 600 mg KOH/g and are obtainable from repetitive self-reaction of at least one type of substance B and/or from cross-reaction of at least one B with at least one substance A. B is an adduct of at least one substance A and at least one linker D. The amine-reactive functionality in B and D are reacted with reactive amines in B and/or A; and if B has only one amine reactive group, then additional D and/or mixture of B and A is reacted to a previously formed C, where such an additional reaction of D and/or mixture of B and A to a formed C is repeated for 1 to 10 times.

A pigment dispersant can be obtained by reacting amine-rich moieties C with at least one polymer P having one or more amine reactive groups. The amine-rich moieties C have an amine density of at least 600 mg KOH/g and are obtainable from repetitive self-reaction of at least one type of substance B and/or from cross-reaction of at least one B with at least one substance A. B is an adduct of at least one substance A and at least one linker D. The amine-reactive functionality in B and D are reacted with reactive amines in B and/or A; and if B has only one amine reactive group, then additional D and/or mixture of B and A is reacted to a previously formed C, where such an additional reaction of D and/or mixture of B and A to a formed C is repeated for 1 to 10 times.

A method for forming a hydrophobic coating on a substrate by a thermal spray deposition process is described. The method may comprise feeding a thermal spray apparatus with a coating precursor consisting of particles having an initial particle morphology, and heating the particles with the thermal spray apparatus to cause the particle to at least partially melt. The method may further comprise accelerating the particles towards the substrate, and forming the hydrophobic coating on the substrate by allowing the particles to impact the substrate in a partially melted state in which a fraction of the initial particle morphology of at least some of the particles is retained.

A method for forming a hydrophobic coating on a substrate by a thermal spray deposition process is described. The method may comprise feeding a thermal spray apparatus with a coating precursor consisting of particles having an initial particle morphology, and heating the particles with the thermal spray apparatus to cause the particle to at least partially melt. The method may further comprise accelerating the particles towards the substrate, and forming the hydrophobic coating on the substrate by allowing the particles to impact the substrate in a partially melted state in which a fraction of the initial particle morphology of at least some of the particles is retained.

A hardmask composition, a hardmask layer, and a method of forming patterns, the hardmask composition including a polymer and a solvent, wherein the polymer includes a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1:

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A hardmask composition, a hardmask layer, and a method of forming patterns, the hardmask composition including a polymer and a solvent, wherein the polymer includes a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1:

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An object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous primer composition offering excellent discharge property and adhesion to printing media, even when applied on roll materials (acrylic, PET, etc.), board materials (glass, plastics, etc.), and other nonabsorbent media. As a solution, a nonaqueous primer composition containing a chlorinated polyolefin resin and a ketone resin is provided, wherein the chlorinated polyolefin resin and ketone resin together account for at least 10 percent by mass in the primer composition, the chlorine content in the chlorinated polyolefin resin is 30 to 50 percent by mass, and the chlorinated polyolefin resin and ketone resin are contained at a ratio by mass, calculated by “Chlorinated polyolefin resin/Ketone resin,” of 3/7 to 7/3.

An object of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous primer composition offering excellent discharge property and adhesion to printing media, even when applied on roll materials (acrylic, PET, etc.), board materials (glass, plastics, etc.), and other nonabsorbent media. As a solution, a nonaqueous primer composition containing a chlorinated polyolefin resin and a ketone resin is provided, wherein the chlorinated polyolefin resin and ketone resin together account for at least 10 percent by mass in the primer composition, the chlorine content in the chlorinated polyolefin resin is 30 to 50 percent by mass, and the chlorinated polyolefin resin and ketone resin are contained at a ratio by mass, calculated by “Chlorinated polyolefin resin/Ketone resin,” of 3/7 to 7/3.

What is described is the use of a composition containing one or more formaldehyde scavengers for production of a coating on a main body of a mold or core for metal casting that emits formaldehyde when heated, wherein the coating forms a surface of the mold or core that comes into contact with a metal melt in the casting operation.

What is described is the use of a composition containing one or more formaldehyde scavengers for production of a coating on a main body of a mold or core for metal casting that emits formaldehyde when heated, wherein the coating forms a surface of the mold or core that comes into contact with a metal melt in the casting operation.