The disclosure provides a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a manufacturing method thereof, and an LCD device. The LCD panel adopts a structure with multiple electrodes and dual-frequency liquid crystals. When a temperature of the LCD panel is low (below 0° C.), the LCD panel is driven at high frequency, so that it emits more heat. Therefore, a working temperature of the LCD panel is increased without adding a heating element. LCD devices using such LCD panels have wide working temperature ranges, and are well suited to be used outdoors.

The present invention relates to liquid crystal media comprising polymerisable mesogenic compounds with a bent shape, and to electro-optical displays comprising these media as light modulation media. In particular the electro-optical displays according to the present invention are displays, which are operated at a temperature, at which the liquid crystal modulation media are in an optically isotropic phase, preferably in a blue phase.

The subject is to provide liquid crystal display device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and a small flicker rate.

The liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal alignment film formed on the opposing surfaces of a pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal composition therebetween, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film includes a polymer derived from a polyamic acid having a photodegradable group, and the liquid crystal composition includes at least one compound represented by formula (1) as a first component:

##STR00001##

R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or the like; ring A is 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; Z.sup.1 is a single bond or the like; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are hydrogen or fluorine; Y.sup.1 is fluorine or the like; and a is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

An optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device, each having an optically anisotropic layer obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal composition including a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (LCC) having forward wavelength dispersion and a monofunctional compound, and immobilizing an alignment state of the polymerizable LCC. The number a.sub.1 of atoms of the polymerizable LCC and the number a.sub.2 of atoms of the monofunctional compound satisfy a relationship of Expression (1): 0.2<a.sub.2/a.sub.1<0.55; the number b.sub.1 of the rings B.sup.1 contained in the polymerizable LCC and the total number b.sub.2 of the aromatic rings Ar and the rings B.sup.2 contained in the monofunctional compound satisfy a relationship of Expression (2): b.sub.2=b.sub.1×0.5 or b.sub.2=(b.sub.1+1)×0.5.

Mesogenic compounds of formula I-Z ##STR00001##
are suitable for use in mesogenic media. Such mesogenic media can exhibit a blue phase and comprise component A, consisting of one or more compounds of formula I-Z, and, optionally a component B, consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae
I-M and I-U, ##STR00002##
wherein the parameters are as defined herein. The media can also be stabilized by a polymer. The media can be used in electro-optical light modulation elements and displays.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that includes a particular color filter containing a material containing chiral liquid crystals and a particular pigment. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that can prevent a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and solve the problem of display defects, such as white spots, variations in alignment, and burn-in. Because liquid crystal display devices according to the present invention characteristically prevent a decrease in the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal layer and reduces the occurrence of display defects, such as burn-in, the liquid crystal display devices are particularly useful as liquid crystal display devices in IPS mode and FFS mode for active-matrix driving and can be applied to household electrical appliances, automobiles, production facilities, measuring and analytical instruments, and communication devices.

Provided is a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point (or high maximum temperature), low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

A compound, represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein, in formula (1), R.sup.1 is alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons or the like; R.sup.2 is alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH— or the like; and a and b are independently 0 or 1.

Reactive mesogens (RMs), mixtures and formulations comprising RMs, polymers obtained from such RMs and RM mixtures, and the use of the RMs, RM mixtures and polymers in optical or electrooptical components or devices, like optical films for liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

Provided are a polymerizable compound having at least one monovalent group (A), a polymerizable composition containing the polymerizable compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared from the polymerizable composition, and a liquid crystal device having the polymerizable composition. ##STR00001## In monovalent group (A), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one piece of —CH.sub.2— may be replaced by —O— or —S—, and at least one piece of —(CH.sub.2).sub.2— may be replaced by —CH═CH—, and in the groups, at least one hydrogen may be replaced by halogen.

The present invention relates to light-scattering liquid crystal devices suited for use in light control glass such as optical shutters and use in segment displays in, for example, clocks. A light-scattering liquid crystal device according to the present invention includes two substrates 1, of which at least one includes an electrode layer 2 and at least one is transparent, and a light control layer 4 held between the substrates, the light control layer 4 containing a liquid crystal material and a polymer substance, wherein the light-scattering liquid crystal device includes, between the substrates and the light control layer, a thin film layer 3 formed by subjecting a thermally curable compound containing a reactive group to thermal curing. According to the present invention, a light-scattering liquid crystal device having dramatically improved adhesion can be provided.