A fuel production plant includes an electrolysis apparatus; an ethanol generation apparatus that decomposes sugars to generate ethanol and carbon dioxide; and a hydrocarbon generation apparatus that generates hydrocarbons by reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen. The fuel production plant further includes a hydrogen supply part that supplies hydrogen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus, an oxygen supply part that supplies oxygen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus, and a carbon dioxide supply part that supplies carbon dioxide generated in the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process integrated into refineries, in particular comprising recycling streams from the steam reforming hydrogen production process as the feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch process.

A C.sub.10 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 55 wt. % C.sub.10 mono-olefins containing from 11 to 45 wt. % 1-decene, at least 0.5 wt. % 2-butyl-1-hexene, at least 1 wt. % 3-propyl-1-heptene, from 0.5 to 12 wt. % 4-ethyl-1-octene, at least 4 wt. % 4-penten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and from 2 to 40 wt. % 5-methyl-1-nonene. A C.sub.12 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.12 mono-olefins containing at least 8 wt. % 1-dodecene and at least 0.5 wt. % 6-hepten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and the composition also containing heptylcyclopentane and n-dodecane at a weight ratio of heptylcyclopentane to n-dodecane from 0:3:1 to 8:1. A C.sub.14 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.14 mono-olefins containing at least 12 wt. % 1-tetradecene and at least 0.5 wt. % 8-nonen-1-yl-cyclopentane, and the composition also containing from 3 to 30 wt. % of n-tetradecane and nonylcyclopentane.

The present invention is generally directed to processes and systems for the purification and conversion of CO.sub.2 into low-carbon or zero-carbon high quality fuels and chemicals using renewable energy. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for producing a stream comprising at least 90 mol % CO.sub.2. In certain cases, the CO.sub.2 stream is processed to make low carbon fuels and chemicals. In this process at least a portion of the CO.sub.2 is reacted with a stream comprising H.sub.2 in a Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor to produce a product stream that comprises CO.

Provided is a carbon dioxide recovery device including an absorption part that produces a compound of carbon dioxide and an amine contained in an absorbing solution, and a regeneration part that includes an anode that desorbs the carbon dioxide from the compound to produce a complex compound of the amine, and a cathode that is electrically connected to the anode and regenerates the amine from the complex compound.

Pathways are disclosed for the production of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) products comprising propane and/or butane, and in certain cases renewable products having non-petroleum derived carbon. In particular, a gaseous feed mixture comprising CO.sub.2 in combination with CH.sub.4 and/or H.sub.2 is converted by reforming and/or reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reactions, further in combination with LPG synthesis. A preferred gaseous feed mixture comprises biogas or otherwise a mixture of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 that is not readily upgraded using conventional processes. Catalysts described herein have a high activity for reforming (including dry reforming) of CH.sub.4, as well as simultaneously catalyzing RWGS. These attributes improve the management of CO.sub.2 that is input to the disclosed processes, particularly in those utilizing recycle operation to increase overall CO.sub.2 conversion. Economics of small scale operations may be improved, if necessary, using an electrically heated reforming reactor in the first or initial reforming stage or RWGS stage.

The present invention relates to catalytically active material, comprising grains of non-graphitizing carbon with iron nanoparticles dispersed therein, wherein d.sub.p, the average diameter of iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 1 nm to 20 nm, D, the average distance between iron nanoparticles in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 2 nm to 150 nm, and ω, the combined total mass fraction of metal in the non-graphitizing carbon grains, is in the range of 30 wt % to 70 wt % of the total mass of the non-graphitizing carbon grains, and wherein d.sub.p, D and ω conform to the following relation: 4.5 d.sub.p/ω>D≥0.25 d.sub.p/ω. The present invention, further, relates to a process for the manufacture of material according to the invention, as well as its use as a catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a processes and systems for producing fuels from biomass with high carbon conversion efficiency. The processes and systems described herein provide a highly efficient process for producing hydrocarbons from biomass with very low Green House Gas (GHG) emissions using a specific combination of components, process flows, and recycle streams. The processes and systems described herein provide a carbon conversion efficiency greater than 95% with little to no GHG in the flue gas due to the novel arrangement of components and utilizes renewable energy to provide energy to some components. The system reuses water and carbon dioxide produced in the process flows and recycles naphtha and tail gas streams to other units in the system for additional conversion to syngas to produce hydrocarbon-based fuels.

A fuel production plant includes an electrolysis apparatus; an ethanol generation apparatus that decomposes sugars to generate ethanol and carbon dioxide; and a hydrocarbon generation apparatus that generates hydrocarbons by reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen. The fuel production plant further includes a hydrogen supply part that supplies hydrogen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus, an oxygen supply part that supplies oxygen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus, and a carbon dioxide supply part that supplies carbon dioxide generated in the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus.

A system for a carbon neutral cycle of gas production includes a molten salt reactor configured to generate zero carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) emissions electricity. The system includes a desalination unit configured to receive the zero-CO.sub.2 emissions electricity from the molten salt reactor and produce a desalinated water. The system includes an electrolysis unit configured to be powered by the zero-CO.sub.2 emissions electricity generated by the molten salt reactor and generate hydrogen (H.sub.2) and oxygen (O.sub.2) from the desalinated water. The system includes an oxy-combustion unit configured to receive and combust a hydrocarbon fuel with the O.sub.2 from the electrolysis unit to produce electricity and CO.sub.2. The system includes a CO.sub.2 capture system adapted to capture the CO.sub.2 produced by the oxy-combustion unit and a catalytic hydrogenation unit configured to receive and convert H.sub.2 from the electrolysis unit and CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2 capture system to produce the hydrocarbon fuel.