An apparatus comprises: a gasifier vessel; an orifice in a wall of the gasifier vessel; a plasma torch; a torch support structure connected to the wall of the gasifier vessel and having an opening configured to receive the plasma torch, the torch support structure including a shroud gas spool configured to inject shroud gas into the opening and around the torch and an isolation valve configured to prevent gas flow between an internal environment of the gasifier and an external environment outside of the torch support structure when the plasma torch is retracted; and an actuator configured to extend the plasma torch into the gasifier vessel through the orifice and to retract the plasma torch from the gasifier vessel.

The biomass gasification device described in this embodiment is equipped with temporary holding sections (10)(20) that temporarily hold and discharge heat carriers (30). The temporary holding section has a vessel (111)(121) and a discharge section (119)(129) for discharging the heat carriers. A baffle (115)(125) within the vessel (111)(121) is provided to form a gap between the main body of the baffle and the interior side wall of the vessel, for the heat carriers (30) to pass through. Alternatively, piping (131)(141) may be provided on the interior side walls of the vessel (111)(121) for passage of the heat carriers.

A hybrid plasma or ionic reactor includes the basic components of both a plasma jet reactor and a plasma arc reactor, which components operate simultaneously to provide hot ionic gas and electrical arcing within a reaction chamber in a manner that significantly increases processing of material within the reaction chamber. Additionally, an improved plasma or ionic reactor uses multiple sets of arc electrodes disposed around a reaction chamber in a unique offset manner that operates to create a larger area in the center of the reaction or plasma chamber where the arcs travel between an anode and a cathode of a pair of electrodes, thereby effectively increasing the size of the reaction zone in which the arcs are present. Still further, an improved plasma or arc reactor includes structure to introduce, from multiple different electrodes, a working or cooling gas, used to cool the electrodes and provide for plasma creation within a reaction chamber, in a manner that causes the gas to flow in a sustained vortex across the width of the chamber, which aids in the creation of a confined or directed stream of gas within the reaction chamber which further aids in the creation of stable arcs in the chamber.

A process and apparatus are provided for gasification of a carbonaceous material. The process produces a raw syngas that can be further processed in a tar destruction zone to provide a hot syngas. The process includes contacting said carbonaceous material with molecular oxygen-containing gas in a gasification zone to gasify a portion of said carbonaceous material and to produce a first gaseous product. A remaining portion of the carbonaceous material is contacted with molecular oxygen-containing gas in a burn-up zone to gasify additional portion of the carbonaceous material and to produce a second gaseous product and a solid ash. The first gaseous product and said second gaseous product are combined to produce a raw syngas that includes carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and tar. The raw syngas is contacted with molecular oxygen containing gas in a tar destruction zone to produce said hot syngas.

A method and system for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar using downdraft gasification of variable quality feedstock. The system and process of the present invention includes the transfer of biochar from a gasifier after gasification to a temperature-controlled cooling screw conveyor, into a drum magnet for ferrous metal removal into multiple diverters to separate and remove ungasified materials and non-ferrous metal contaminants, then transferred into a granulator for grinding and screening the biochar to a pre-selected size. By directly attaching a novel and continuous product treatment process to the biochar stream as it exits the gasifier, the particle size, moisture content, carbon content and yield of a contaminant free biochar product can be narrowly controlled and improved to meet strict product quality specifications required by specialty applications.

Disclosed herein are integrated preparation and detection devices for studying biomass-burning aerosols, where the devices include a micro-fluidized bed reactor (MFBR), a transmission line, and an on-line detection unit that are connected in sequence. The MFBR may include a pyrolysis reactor and a pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis reactor may include a thermocouple, an introduction tube, and quartz sands; the on-line detection unit may be an on-line photoionization mass spectrometer; and the photoionization mass spectrometer may include a laser desorption system, a laser ionizer and a light energy ionizer. Devices of the present disclosure are beneficial to retain the original state of aerosol particles, and the fixed MFBR can realize rapid pyrolysis of a biomass due to its high and stable heat conduction efficiency, which is beneficial to studying the formation mechanism of aerosol particles.

A pyrolysis gasifier includes a tubular body configured to receive and pyrolyze a combustible waste, a bottom door disposed below the tubular body to selectively seal the tubular body, a main frame supporting the tubular body, a base frame supporting the bottom door, an automatic ash processor configured to, while traveling in one direction, push and remove ash remaining on the bottom door after pyrolysis of the combustible waste, and a guide frame supporting the automatic ash processor and configured to guide the travel of the automatic ash processor.

Apparatus for pyrolyzing or gasifying the organic content of material, including organically coated waste, biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, having organic content; the apparatus comprising: an oven having a rotatable portion comprising a treatment chamber adapted to receive material for treatment; a plurality of gas inlets in at least one wall (5) of the treatment chamber through which hot gases are introduced to the treatment chamber to heat the material therein so as to cause the organic components thereof to pyrolyze or gasify; and a plurality of pockets (8) having open faces turned inwardly towards the inside of the treatment chamber on at least one wall of the rotatable portion such that, in use, material being pyrolyzed or gasified can be received from the treatment chamber into the plurality of pockets (8) via said open faces, and be substantially retained therein through an initial rotation of the oven of less than 90 degrees.

This powder transport device comprises: transport pipe (11) that can transport powder by way of gravity by having a prescribed angle of inclination; a porous plate (12) that is disposed along the transport pipe (11) so as to divide a line cross section into a top section and bottom section and form a powder line (11d) in the top section; an inert gas supply line for fluidization (13) that is provided under the porous plate (12) and supplies an assist gas (g) to the powder line (11d) through the porous plate (12); and a deposit status monitoring device (20) that constantly monitors the state of the powder deposited on the top face side of the porous plate (12) in the powder line (11d).

A system includes a first steam injector configured to mix a steam and a feedstock to form a heated feedstock. Additionally, first viscosity of the feedstock is greater than a second viscosity of the heated feedstock. The system also includes a feed system positioned upstream of the first steam injector and configured to supply the feedstock to the first steam injector. In addition, the system includes a steam system configured to supply the steam to the first steam injector. Furthermore, the system includes a gasifier coupled to the first steam injector and configured to receive the heated feedstock.