The present invention relates to stem cell-derived microvesicles with enhanced efficacy, a use thereof, and a method for enhancing efficacy, and more particularly, to a use of stem cell-derived microvesicles with an enhanced expression level of microRNAs for the prevention or treatment of stroke, and a method for promoting the production of microRNAs of stem cell-derived microvesicles and enhancing efficacy, and a method for promoting the production of stem cell-derived microvesicles and microRNAs within the microvesicles and enhancing the efficacy of stem cells and microvesicles thereof by 3-dimensionally culturing or ischemically stimulating stem cells. Since the method according to the present invention has excellent effects capable of promoting the production of stem cell-derived microvesicles and microRNAs in the microvesicles and capable of enhancing the efficacy of stem cells or microvesicles isolated therefrom, it is possible to obtain stem cell-derived microvesicles containing high levels of materials including therapeutic microRNAs efficiently and in large quantities through this, and thus, the microvesicles are expected to be able to be usefully used in related research fields and future clinical settings.

Ag—Fe3O4 immunomagnetic microsphere contains poly-D-lysine modified on the surface and S100β and/or MBP antibody linked by an amide bond. The Ag—Fe3O4 immunomagnetic microsphere can specifically capturing peripheral nerve tissue-derived exosomes. When the microsphere is used to extract nerve tissue-derived exosomes, the extraction yield of exosomes per unit volume of nerve tissue is high, and the nerve specificity is strong.

Provided is a cranial neuropathy therapeutic agent that contains, as an active ingredient, a culture supernatant for umbilical cord blood monocytic cells.

The present invention relates to a device which can serve as a model of a hemato-encephalic barrier (HEB) comprising two compartments in which certain cell types are arranged. The invention also relates to the method for preparing said device and the use thereof as a model of the HEB.

Disclosed is a method of promoting neuronal growth by administering IGFBPL-1, or an agent that increases or stabilizes IGFBPL-1 activity to a subject in need thereof, e.g., a subject in need of treating optic nerve degeneration.

Provided are cortical interneurons and other neuronal cells and in vitro methods for producing such cortical interneurons and other neuronal cells by the directed differentiation of stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells. The present disclosure relates to novel methods of in vitro differentiation of stem cells and neural progenitor cells to produce several type neuronal cells and their precursor cells, including cortical interneurons, hypothalamic neurons and pre-optic cholinergic neurons. The present disclosure describes the derivation of these cells via inhibiting SMAD and Wnt signaling pathways and activating SHH signaling pathway. The present disclosure relates to the novel discovery that the timing and duration of SHH activation can be harnessed to direct controlled differentiation of neural progenitor cells into either cortical interneurons, hypothalamic neurons or pre-optic cholinergic neurons. The present disclosure also relates to compositions of cortical interneurons, hypothalamic neurons or pre-optic cholinergic neurons, and their precursors, that are highly enriched and can be used in variety of application. These cells can be used therapeutically to treat neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and can be used for disease modeling and drug screening.

An in vitro population of human brain endothelial cells (hBECs) expressing claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1 and GLUT-1 and expressing one or more of FZD7, WNT7A, WNT7B, APCDD1, STRA6 and ZO-3 is provided. A blood brain barrier (BBB) comprising the hBECs and use of the BBB for analyzing permeability characteristics of a test agent are provided.

Disclosed is a method for producing an in vitro model for blood-brain barrier, including (a) a culturing conditionally immortalized astrocytes on one surface of a porous membrane and culturing conditionally immortalized brain pericytes on the other surface of the porous membrane, until both of the cells become a sheet; (b) culturing conditionally immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cells in a culture vessel, until the cells become a sheet; (c) peeling off the sheet of conditionally immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cells; (d) allowing the sheet of conditionally immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cells to come into contact with the sheet of conditionally immortalized brain pericytes, so that the sheets are arranged in layers; and (e) co-culturing a cell culture comprising three layers consisting of the sheet of conditionally immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cells, the sheet of conditionally immortalized brain pericytes, and the sheet of conditionally immortalized astrocytes.

This application relates to methods for generating monocytic progenitor cells and their differentiation into macrophages and microglia as well as to large scale cell cultures for producing monocytic progenitor cells.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of microglia from stem cells comprising the steps of a) targeted insertion of a nucleotide sequence encoding a transcriptional regulator protein into a first genomic safe harbour site; and b) targeted insertion of the coding sequence of the transcription factor PU.1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) into a second genomic safe harbour site, wherein the gene is operably linked to an inducible promoter, which is regulated by the transcriptional regulator protein; expression of PU.1 (SEQ ID NO: 2); and culturing the stem cells received from steps a) and b) with exposure to at least one growth factor or small molecule that mimics signaling during at least one stage of embryonic development of microglia or adult microglia proliferation, differentiation or polarization. Further, the present invention relates to the microglia obtained by the methods of the present invention and various uses thereof.