Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject, comprising: providing a composition comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell; and treating the cancer by administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the composition to the subject.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject, comprising: providing a composition comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell; and treating the cancer by administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the composition to the subject.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject, comprising: providing a composition comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell; and treating the cancer by administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the composition to the subject.

A recombinant vector according to an embodiment is for genome editing without inserting a replicon into the plant genome in a T.sub.0 generation plant. The recombinant vector includes a geminivirus-based replicon between the sequence of LB (left border) and sequence of RB (right border) of Ti plasmid. A method of genome editing without inserting a replicon into the plant genome in a T.sub.0 generation plant according to an embodiment includes transforming a plant cell by inserting a foreign gene to the aforementioned recombinant vector.

A single vector or multiple separate vectors that contain two or more non-competing replicons for transient expression of the heavy and light chains of Rituximab in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves is described. The correct assembly of these subunit proteins into functional oligomeric structures to optimize the expression is also described. This system advances plant transient expression technology by eliminating the need for non-competing viruses, and thus, enhances the realistic commercial application of the multi-replicon single vector system for producing Rituximab in plant cells.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject, comprising: providing a composition comprising a polypeptide with at least two domains, wherein the first domain is capable of binding CD3 and the second domain is capable of binding to a cancer cell; and treating the cancer by administering a therapeutically effective dosage of the composition to the subject.

The present disclosure describes methods of viral induced gene expression in aquatic duckweeds such as Azolla caroliniana and Lemna minor for the production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol for biofuel production.

A single vector or multiple separate vectors that contain two or more non-competing replicons for transient expression of the heavy and light chains of Rituximab in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves is described. The correct assembly of these subunit proteins into functional oligomeric structures to optimize the expression is also described. This system advances plant transient expression technology by eliminating the need for non-competing viruses, and thus, enhances the realistic commercial application of the multi-replicon single vector system for producing Rituximab in plant cells.

An object is to provide a plant genome editing technique with higher genome editing efficiency. This object is achieved by a polynucleotide comprising a site-specific nuclease expression cassette and a sequence that binds to a nuclear translocation factor and/or an intranuclear structure, the site-specific nuclease expression cassette comprising (b) a site-specific nuclease coding sequence and (c) a 3UTR comprising a terminator.

The present invention relates to a method of producing HPV pseudovirions in plant cells, the plant produced pseudovirions per se, a neutralization assay using the plant produced pseudovirions and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the plant produced pseudovirions.