Markers of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (AMLSC) are identified. The markers are differentially expressed in comparison with normal counterpart cells, and are useful as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Provided is a cell trapping method for selectively trapping a specific cell included in a cell-containing solution at a filter surface by filtering a liquid, and the method includes a step of draining a liquid for n (n is a natural number) times, in which from the first step of draining the liquid to the n-th step of draining the liquid, a liquid surface of the liquid in the introduction region on the filter is maintained at a predetermined liquid surface height, and when the n-th step of draining the liquid is completed, the discharging of the liquid from the cell trapping device is stopped in a state where the liquid surface is at a predetermined height in the filter.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

Provided herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods for treating bladder cancer, including CD4+T cells that can be cultured ex vivo to generate a population of cytotoxic CD4.sup.+T cells capable of killing bladder cancer tumor cells. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such a cytotoxic CD4.sup.+T cell population, as well as methods for treating an individual having or suspected of having bladder cancer are also provided.

A method and related apparatus for confirming whether a kill laser successfully destroys an undesired population of cells includes introducing fluorescent dye into cells, exciting the cells with a detection laser or a light emitting diode to cause the cell to fluoresce for a first time, measuring the amount of fluorescence in the cells with a detector capable of emitting a detection pulse, classifying the cells via embedded processing as undesired or desired cells based on the amount of fluorescence, firing a kill beam with a kill laser at any undesired cells, measuring the amount of fluorescence in the cells a second time to determine whether a fluorescent event was generated from the kill beam striking the cells, and providing feedback to an operator of the kill laser as to whether any fluorescent events were generated from the kill beam striking the cells.

Methods are provided to manipulate phagocytosis of cells, including hematopoietic cells, e.g. circulating hematopoietic cells, bone marrow cells, acute leukemia cells, etc.; and solid tumor cells. In some embodiments of the invention the circulating cells are hematopoietic stem cells, or hematopoietic progenitor cells, particularly in a transplantation context, where protection from phagocytosis is desirable. In other embodiments the circulating cells are leukemia cells, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where increased phagocytosis is desirable.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

A method and an automated liquid handling system for the isolation of particles from a biological sample are provided. A column, a container and a filtration unit which are adapted to be used in such a method and system are provided. The column can include a section comprising a plurality of microbeads retained there.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

CAR T cell therapies have shown promise in treating human blood cell cancer. The preparation of CAR T cells involves many complex, time consuming steps prior to infusion of the CAR T cells into a cancer patient. One step in the process to create CAR T cells often involves using magnetic separation technologies to isolate specific subsets of T cells prior to creating the CAR T cells. When using current magnetic separation technologies to remove undesired cell populations the recovery of the desired cell population can be as low as 50-70% or even lower and the procedures often take 30-60 minutes. In the case of autologous CAR T cell therapies such cell loss is often not acceptable. The present invention offers means to improve the recovery of desired cells to close to 100% very rapidly thus significantly improving a step in the manufacture of CART cells and in many cases will make such therapy possible for a larger patient population.