Provided is a method for producing circular DNA in which a region that is sandwiched by a region Ha and a region Hb in circular double-stranded DNA is substituted with the entirety or a portion of a linear-DNA fragment, wherein the region Hb is located downstream of the region Ha in the circular double-stranded DNA; the linear-DNA fragment is single-stranded or double-stranded linear DNA that has a homologous region that corresponds to the region Ha and a homologous region that corresponds to the region Hb, the latter homologous region being positioned downstream of the former homologous region; and the method comprising: preparing a reaction solution that contains the circular double-stranded DNA, the linear-DNA fragment, and a protein that has RecA-family-recombinase activity, and performing homologous recombination reaction by incubating the reaction solution for a predetermined period of time, thereby producing circular DNA in which the region that is from the region Ha to the region Hb in the circular double-stranded DNA is substituted with the region that is from the homologous region that corresponds to the region Ha to the homologous region that corresponds to the region Hb in the linear-DNA fragment.

A portable fluidic platform for rapid and flexible end-to-end production of recombinant protein biologics includes a bioreactor system hosting stable and robust cell-free translation systems that is fluidically integrated with modular protein separation functionalities (e.g., size exclusion, ion exchange or affinity chromatography systems) for purification of the cell-free expressed product and which are configurable for process-specific isolation of different proteins, as well as for formulation. The bioreactor utilizes lysates from engineered eukaryotic (e.g., yeast) or prokaryotic (e.g., bacterial) strains that contain factors for protein folding and posttranslational modifications. Combination of various purification modules on the same fluidic platform allows flexibility of re-routing for purification of different proteins depending on specific target requirements. Protein synthesis and purification modules are integrated into self-contained disposable fluidic cartridge that eliminates cross-contamination between runs. The platform allows for flexible production of protein biologics within 24 hours (from DNA to purified product).

The present invention is directed to a vaccine comprising recombinant antigens derived from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, which will raise an immune response in farmed and wild ruminants that are susceptible or predisposed to infection by one or more nematode worm species. The recombinant antigens used in the invention are conserved among species of nematode worms so that the vaccine will provide protection against multiple types of nematode worms. In particular, the invention provides a composition or vaccine composition comprising the recombinant H. contortus antigens: (i) enolase (EN); (ii) arginine kinase (AK); and (iii) ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), or antigenic fragments thereof, together with a veterinary acceptable carrier or diluent.

Variant or mutant prokaryotic cells are disclosed that express elevated or increased levels of a wide variety of active proteins. Also disclosed are methods of producing the elevated or increased levels of active encoded proteins.

Ways of making and using a recombinant organism configured to produce one or more substituted tryptamines, such as psilocin and psilocybin, are provided. The recombinant organism can include a eukaryotic microorganism expressing a recombinant construct. A substituted tryptamine can be produced by a process that includes growing the recombinant organism configured to produce the substituted tryptamine in a growth medium and separating the substituted tryptamine from the recombinant organism and the growth medium. A biosynthetic system for producing a substituted tryptamine is provided that includes a bioreactor, the recombinant organism configured to produce the substituted tryptamine, and a growth medium for the recombinant organism.

This disclosure provides methods and genetically engineered strains of Vibrio natriegens, specifically developed for the bio-based production of succinate. Capitalizing on the rapid growth kinetics and highly efficient carbon metabolism of V. natriegens, this disclosure provides an environmentally friendly, scalable, and cost-effective alternative to traditional petrochemical methods for succinate production.