The present disclosure provides systems that include a CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzyme with trans cleavage activity; a guide CRISPR RNA (crRNA) including a guide sequence and a polynucleotide extension sequence, wherein the guide sequence is configured to bind to a target polynucleotide, the polynucleotide extension sequence is linked to 3′-end of the guide sequence; and a probe including an oligonucleotide element labeled with a detectable label, wherein a detectable signal or a detectable molecule is generated when the probe is cleaved by the CRISPR-associated enzyme. The present disclosure also provides modified Cas complexes having a crRNA including a guide sequence and a polynucleotide extension sequence as well as modified CRISPR-Cas complexes having a guide crRNA including a guide sequence, an optional extension sequence, a linker sequence, and a complementary sequence, such that a portion of the crRNA sequence forms a toehold conformation at the 3′ end of the guide sequence.

The present invention is related to a nuclease-activated culture substrate, a method of rapidly detecting an antibiotic-resistant microorganism using the nuclease-activated culture substrate, and kits including the nuclease-activated culture substrate.

A kit used for fractionation of small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) in a sample, including: a first reagent composition having one or two or more activities selected from the group consisting of cholesterol esterase activity, cholesterol oxidase activity, and sphingomyelinase activity; and a second reagent composition for quantifying the sdLDL-C, in which in an absorption spectrum after storing the first reagent composition at 37° C. for 2 weeks, a ratio R1 represented by ABS400/ABS450 is 0.90 or more and 3.00 or less, and in an absorption spectrum after storing the second reagent composition at 37° C. for 2 weeks, a ratio R1 represented by ABS400/ABS450 is 0.90 or more and 8.00 or less.

A kit used for fractionation of small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) in a sample, including: a first reagent composition having one or two or more activities selected from the group consisting of cholesterol esterase activity, cholesterol oxidase activity, and sphingomyelinase activity; and a second reagent composition for quantifying the sdLDL-C, in which in an absorption spectrum after storing the first reagent composition at 37° C. for 2 weeks, a ratio R1 represented by ABS400/ABS450 is 0.90 or more and 3.00 or less, and in an absorption spectrum after storing the second reagent composition at 37° C. for 2 weeks, a ratio R1 represented by ABS400/ABS450 is 0.90 or more and 8.00 or less.

The invention relates, in part, to methods to identify compounds to treat a phytoparasitic nematode infection and/or reduce phytoparasitic nematode contamination, and to methods and compositions to treat phytoparasitic nematode infections and to reduce phytoparasitic nematode contamination of a substrate such as, but not limited to: a plant, agricultural medium, or soil.

The invention relates, in part, to methods to identify compounds to treat a phytoparasitic nematode infection and/or reduce phytoparasitic nematode contamination, and to methods and compositions to treat phytoparasitic nematode infections and to reduce phytoparasitic nematode contamination of a substrate such as, but not limited to: a plant, agricultural medium, or soil.

Disclosed is a novel means for accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses for each N-glycosylation site. The method of analyzing N-linked sugar chain(s) of glycoprotein according to the present invention comprises: treating a part of a glycopeptide-containing sample to be analyzed with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases to cleave off sugar chains while leaving one GlcNAc of the chitobiose core on the Asn at the N-glycosylation site; subjecting the obtained sugar chain-cleaved sample to preliminary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; predicting the retention time of the glycopeptide of interest and the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the precursor ion in main analysis based on the results of the preliminary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; and carrying out the main analysis. By this method, the binding sites and structures of N-linked sugar chains in a glycoprotein can be analyzed. By using the sugar chain-cleaved sample as an internal standard in the main analysis, quantitative analysis of sugar chains at each glycosylation site also becomes possible.

Disclosed is a novel means for accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses for each N-glycosylation site. The method of analyzing N-linked sugar chain(s) of glycoprotein according to the present invention comprises: treating a part of a glycopeptide-containing sample to be analyzed with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases to cleave off sugar chains while leaving one GlcNAc of the chitobiose core on the Asn at the N-glycosylation site; subjecting the obtained sugar chain-cleaved sample to preliminary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; predicting the retention time of the glycopeptide of interest and the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the precursor ion in main analysis based on the results of the preliminary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry; and carrying out the main analysis. By this method, the binding sites and structures of N-linked sugar chains in a glycoprotein can be analyzed. By using the sugar chain-cleaved sample as an internal standard in the main analysis, quantitative analysis of sugar chains at each glycosylation site also becomes possible.

A system for analyzing a wound fluid. The system includes a transparent layer, a membrane layer, and an indicator layer that contains a colorimetric or fluorescent indicator reagent for detecting pH, a nitrite, an enzyme, a reactive oxygen species, a reactive nitrogen species, a nucleic acid, or a combination thereof. The membrane layer is impermeable to blood clots and cellular debris and is permeable to wound fluid. Also provided are methods for analyzing a wound fluid and for detecting biological fluid on biomedical instruments and waste materials using the system.

A system for analyzing a wound fluid. The system includes a transparent layer, a membrane layer, and an indicator layer that contains a colorimetric or fluorescent indicator reagent for detecting pH, a nitrite, an enzyme, a reactive oxygen species, a reactive nitrogen species, a nucleic acid, or a combination thereof. The membrane layer is impermeable to blood clots and cellular debris and is permeable to wound fluid. Also provided are methods for analyzing a wound fluid and for detecting biological fluid on biomedical instruments and waste materials using the system.