Provided is a method which enables efficient separation of a component such as microorganisms from an organic substance-containing liquid obtained by microbial fermentation. Disclosed is a method for producing an organic substance comprising a microbial fermentation step of obtaining an organic substance-containing liquid and a separation step of heating the organic substance-containing liquid and separating into a liquid or solid component containing microorganisms and a gaseous component containing the organic substance.

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to compositions, methods, systems, and kits for programmable endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA (e.g., ds DNA). For example, the in vitro activity of an Argonaute (e.g., a mesophilic Argonaute CbAgo from Clostridium butyricum) may be synchronized with DNA strand unwinding activity of a helicase (e.g., a nuclease deficient RecB.sup.exo-C DNA helicase from E. coli) for a rapid and efficient cleavage of double-stranded DNA targets. Enzymatic properties of CbAgo and different aspects of ds DNA cleavage were thoroughly explored by adapting high-throughput capillary electrophoreses technique for monitoring CbAgo cleavage activity in concurrence with RecB.sup.exo-C. The present disclosure shows that in the presence of RecB.sup.exo-C, CbAgo can be programmed with guides to cleave any site of interest localized at up to 10 kb distance from the end of linear ds DNA at 37° C. temperature. CbAgo/RecB.sup.exo-C can be programmed to generate DNA fragments flanked with unique single-stranded extensions suitable for seamless ligation with compatible DNA fragments. The present disclosure relates further the compositions, methods, systems, and kits for PRC-free assembly of linear DNA molecules by using CbAgo/RecB.sup.exo-C programmable DNA endonuclease. The results presented here demonstrate that the combination of CbAgo and RecB.sup.exo-C is currently an efficient mesophilic DNA-guided DNA-cleaving programmable endonuclease which can be used to prepare synthetic biology tools that require or benefit from sequence-specific nicking/cleavage of natural DNA at otherwise inaccessible locations.

Disclosed herein are compositions including cells of defined sets of microbial species (for example, 3, 16, 18, 19, 21, or 22 microbial species). Also disclosed are methods of using the microbial compositions that include contacting soil, plants, plant parts, or seeds with the composition. The microbial compositions are also used in methods of degrading biological materials, such as chitin-containing biological materials.

Toxigenic Clostridium spoilage culture comprises 1.5-2 pts. wt. peptone, 1.5-2 pts. wt. casein, 0.5-0.75 pts. wt, yeast extract powder, 0.00014-0.00028 pts. wt. zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5-0.75 pts. wt, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 0.03-0.045 pts, wt. potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-1.5 pts. wt. glucose.

A process for culturing Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum cells, which are capable of growing on gamma-cyclodextrin in a liquid culture medium in a culture vessel. Also disclosed is a process for producing a bio-product, the process comprising culturing Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum cells, which are capable of growing on gamma-cyclodextrin in a liquid culture medium in a culture vessel.

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of producing botulinum toxin. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method for producing botulinum toxin in a culture medium free or substantially free of animal product. The present disclosure also relates to the culture medium for producing botulinum toxin that is free or substantially free of animal product.

Microbial cell lines suitable for industrial-scale production of organic acids and methods of making and isolating such cell lines.

Described herein is a synergistic combination comprising a quorum-sensing inhibitor and/or postbiotic metabolite and an antibiotic. Typically, the postbiotic metabolite comprises at least one peptide. Related compositions, uses, and methods are also described, including methods for resensitizing resistant bacteria to an antibiotic, and methods of treating antibiotic-resistant infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

The disclosure provides a method for producing an isoprenoid alcohol, isoprenoid alcohol derivative, or a terpene precursor thereof by microbial fermentation. Typically, the method involves culturing a recombinant bacterium in the presence of a gaseous substrate whereby the bacterium produces an isoprenoid alcohol, isoprenoid alcohol derivative, terpene or a precursor thereof. The microorganism may comprise one or more exogenous enzymes.

The disclosure relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO into one or more first products which, in turn, may be incorporated into an article of manufacture or one or more second products. Further, the disclosure relates to improving carbon capture and/or efficiency.