A system for electrochemically detecting AST and ALT includes a first sampler for producing pyruvate from ALT and a second sampler for producing pyruvate from AST. The system further includes an electrochemical test strip for receiving processed samples from the first and second samplers, the processed samples containing pyruvate. The system further includes a meter for reading the electrochemical test strip and indicating an amount of AST and ALT in the sample.

A method of quantifying ammonia, the method includes performing a first reaction in which a test liquid containing ammonia is reacted with adenosine triphosphate and L-glutamic acid in the presence of glutamine synthetase to produce phosphoric acid, performing a second reaction in which the produced phosphoric acid is reacted with pyruvic acid in the presence of pyruvate oxidase, and measuring a component consumed or produced by the second reaction, to quantify ammonia, wherein a reaction to produce adenosine triphosphate from adenosine diphosphate mediated by pyruvate kinase is not carried out.

Provided is an enzyme useful for prenylation and recombinant pathways for the production of cannabinoids, cannabinoid precursors and other prenylated chemicals in a cell free system as well and recombinant microorganisms that catalyze the reactions.

A system for electrochemically detecting AST and ALT includes a first sampler for producing pyruvate from ALT and a second sampler for producing pyruvate from AST. The system further includes an electrochemical test strip for receiving processed samples from the first and second samplers, the processed samples containing pyruvate. The system further includes a meter for reading the electrochemical test strip and indicating an amount of AST and ALT in the sample.