This invention relates to a combination, such as a composition, and its therapeutic and prophylactic uses. In particular (although not exclusively) the invention relates to a new method to modulate or treat the microbiome of an animal through selectivity towards microorganisms using proteins, such as lactoperoxidase. More particularly the invention relates to a new method to modulate or treat the oral cavity microbiome of a canine animal.

Oligonucleotides are provided herein that inhibit XDH expression. Also provided are compositions including the same and uses thereof, particularly uses relating to treating diseases, disorders and/or conditions associated with aberrant XDH expression.