This invention provides single-stranded and multi-stranded compounds that are useful in various therapeutic modalities to regulate the expression of nucleic acid molecules in a cell. A range of compounds is provided, each containing one or more conformationally restricted nucleomonomers (CRN). In addition, compounds can contain one or more conformationally restricted nucleomonomers and one or more hydroxymethyl substituted nucleomonomers (unlocked nucleomonomers, UNA).

The present invention provides a pH-responsive lipid derivative represented by a structure represented by the following formula (i):

##STR00001##

(in the above-mentioned formula, each symbol is as described in the specification), and a pH-responsive transport carrier which is useful as a transport carrier for safely and efficiently performing delivery of low-molecular-weight drugs and the like to tumor tissues.

Provided herein are sphingolipid-polyalkylamine phosphoramidites, methods of generating sphingolipid-polyalkylamine-oligonucleotide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and to methods of use thereof in treating cancer.

NCAPG2, a component of condensin complex II, protein and novel peptides derived from the protein are provided. The peptide may include a fragment of the NCAPG2 protein. The peptide may be a peptide including a fragment of NCAPG2 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, wherein the fragment includes the amino acid residue number 805 or 1010 of SEQ ID NO: 7, a peptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a peptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. The protein or peptides can be used for preparing and screening pharmaceutical compositions for treating diseases or disorders associated with abnormal cell division including cancer.

Biomarker of HIV or SIV infected cells and its application are provided. The marker is PLK (polo-like kinase). By inhibiting the activity of a PLK protein or clearing the same, the purpose of releasing viruses without activating a repository is achieved, such that the viruses can be detected in a physiological state and can also be recognized and cleared by an immune system or a drug in vivo. Enhancing the activity of the PLK protein directly inhibits the release of viruses in an HIV and/or SIV-infected cell. The present invention provides a new target for diagnosis and antiviral therapy of HIV and/or SIV infection, provides medication basis and guarantee for the early rapid detection and extremely early treatment of virus infection, and has important clinical value.

The present invention provides siRNAs for inhibiting the expression of plk1 gene, and the method for inhibiting the expression of plk1 gene in mammalian cells. The siRNAs of the present invention have the double-stranded structure, and said double-stranded structure is composed of the first single strand and the second single strand that are fully complementary, wherein the sequence of said first single strand is the same as the target sequence within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the sequence of said second single strand is complementary to the target sequence within the sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. The siRNAs of the present invention can sequence specifically mediate the inhibition of plk1 gene expression, and have a good serum stability. By the introduction of the siRNAs of the present invention into the tumor cells, the expression of plk1 gene can be effectively inhibited, and the growth of tumor cells is inhibited and the apoptosis of tumor cells is promoted.

NCAPG2, a component of condensin complex II, protein and novel peptides derived from the protein are provided. The peptide may include a fragment of the NCAPG2 protein. The peptide may be a peptide including a fragment of NCAPG2 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, wherein the fragment includes the amino acid residue number 805 or 1010 of SEQ ID NO: 7, a peptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a peptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. The protein or peptides can be used for preparing and screening pharmaceutical compositions for treating diseases or disorders associated with abnormal cell division including cancer.

NCAPG2, a component of condensin complex II, protein and novel peptides derived from the protein are provided. The peptide may include a fragment of the NCAPG2 protein. The peptide may be a peptide including a fragment of NCAPG2 protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, wherein the fragment includes the amino acid residue number 805 or 1010 of SEQ ID NO: 7, a peptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a peptide having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11. The protein or peptides can be used for preparing and screening pharmaceutical compositions for treating diseases or disorders associated with abnormal cell division including cancer.

An object of the present invention is to provide an approach of removing non-endocrine unintended cells coexisting with insulin-secreting cells obtained by the differentiation. The present invention relates to a method for producing an insulin-producing cell population, comprising the step of treating an insulin-producing cell population obtained by the differentiation from pluripotent stem cells with a PLK inhibitor.