The present invention provides a recombinant eukaryotic cell expressing one or more heterologous double strand break (DSB) repair proteins in an amount effective for enhancing DSB repair in the cell. The recombinant eukaryotic cell may express a recombinant product of interest. Also provided are methods for enhancing double strand break (DSB) repair in eukaryotic cells, establishing host cells for production of a recombinant product of interest, producing a recombinant product of interest, improving production of a recombinant product of interest by eukaryotic cells, and/or investigating suitability of eukaryotic cells as host cells for producing a recombinant product of interest.

Provided is a sample processing method that liquefies a medium solution by making a liquid that liquefies the medium solution act on a sample formed by gelating or solidifying the medium solution that is supported by a substrate while an observation subject is included therein, while maintaining a state in which the medium solution is supported by the substrate while the observation subject is included therein.

A method of producing promorphinan, morphinan, nal-opioid, and nor-opioid alkaloid products through the increased conversion of a promorphinan alkaloid to a morphinan alkaloid. The method comprises contacting the promorphinan alkaloid with at least one enzyme. Contacting the promorphinan alkaloid with the at least one enzyme converts the promorphinan alkaloid to a morphinan alkaloid.

The present disclosure provides methods for treating cancer in a subject (by inhibiting e.g., APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, or REV1), and methods of diagnosing cancer in a subject. Methods of tracking mutagenesis induced by a gene of interest (e.g., APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, or REV1) and methods of screening for inhibitors and synthetic lethalities are also described herein. Further provided by the present disclosure are cell lines and antibodies for use in the methods described herein.

A modified thermostable Pol B DNA polymerase, produced by a reaction, under essentially aqueous conditions, of a thermostable Pol B DNA polymerase and a modifier reagent of Formula I wherein the reaction results in a thermally reversible inactivation of the thermostable Pol B DNA polymerase activity and the 3-5 exonuclease activity, which polymerase is suitable for hot-start PCR. Also disclosed are the method for the modification, a polynucleic acid amplification method and PCR reaction mixture and kit comprising the modified thermostable Pol B DNA polymerase.

A process for producing taurine. Where the taurine is produced from O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) using biotransformation. In a first processing step (biotransformation 1), L-cysteic acid is produced from OAS using an enzyme selected from a class of OAS sulfhydrylases (EC 4.2.99.8) in the presence of a salt of sulfurous acid. Where the biotransformation is carried out under active pH control. In a second processing step (biotransformation 2), L-cysteic acid is decarboxylated to taurine. Where the OAS concentration in the batch is at least 10 g/L and the OAS sulfhydrylase is CysM.

Methods and processes for preparing L-cysteic acid. Where according to the process, acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is converted using at least one enzyme selected from the class of O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylases (OAS sulfhydrylases, EC 4.2.99.8) in the presence of a salt of sulfurous acid. Where the OAS sulfhydrylase is CysM and the biotransformation is carried out under active pH control and the OAS concentration in the batch is at least 10 g/L.

The invention provides a recombinant microorganism that has been genetically engineered to contain metabolic pathway for the production of muconic acid from a salicylic acid intermediate. The genetically engineered metabolic pathway comprises both biosynthetic and biodegradative elements.

The invention provides a recombinant microorganism that has been genetically engineered to contain metabolic pathway for the production of muconic acid from a salicylic acid intermediate. The genetically engineered metabolic pathway comprises both biosynthetic and biodegradative elements.

The invention provides a recombinant microorganism that has been genetically engineered to contain metabolic pathway for the production of muconic acid from a salicylic acid intermediate. The genetically engineered metabolic pathway comprises both biosynthetic and biodegradative elements.