A liquid slag granulating system includes a granulator (1), a granulator connecting part and a granulator drive part. The granulator (1) is disc-shaped or cup-shaped, and a diversion cone is arranged at a center of the granulator (1). The granulator drive part drives the granulator to rotate, thus granulating liquid slag. The system further includes an air supply part.

An apparatus for cooling a material includes: at least one reactor, substantially tubular, which is rotatable and which includes a rotating tubular structure defining inside it a chamber for receiving and passing through the material to be cooled; and means for indirectly cooling the material passing through said chamber by means of a cooling fluid, the means for indirect cooling comprise at least one dispensing device for the cooling fluid. The at least one dispensing device includes at least two dispensing mouths defined by respective slots, with substantially longitudinal development, for the escape of the refrigerant fluid, the device being arranged with respect to the tubular structure in so that the flow outgoing from said two slits affects and laps two respective areas, distinct from each other, of the external surface of the tubular structure.

Errors caused by shrinkage during 3D printing may be minimized. A shape that most closely corresponds to the shape of a layer to be printed may be selected from a library of shapes. Each shape in the library may have shrinkage information associated with it that includes, for each of multiple points that define a perimeter of the library shape, a radial distance to the point from an origin of a coordinate system, an angle the radial distance makes with respect to an axis of the coordinate system, and information indicative of an anticipated amount by which the point will deviate from its specified location when the shape is printed due to shrinkage. Compensation for anticipated shrinkage may be calculated based on the shrinkage information that is associated with the selected shape from the library. The information indicative of the shape of the layer to be printed may be modified to minimize errors cause by shrinkage based on the calculated compensation.

A nozzle, a tundish arrangement used for the production of granulated material, and a method and apparatus for the production of a granulated material with an improved size distribution are provided. The grain size and grain size distribution is controlled by a nozzle having a specific design. The nozzle comprises an upper inlet opening, sidewalls forming a channel, a bottom and at least one outlet opening or at least one row of outlet openings at the lower end of the channel. The outlet opening(s) in the channel have a size of at least 5 mm in the smallest dimension. A cross sectional area of the channel at the inlet A.sub.C is at least 3 times bigger than the total area of the outlet openings A.sub.T.

A process for producing substantially dry slag granules comprises adding a controlled amount of water to a molten stream of slag, and granulating the slag to produce solidified slag comprising substantially dry slag granules and slag wool. An apparatus for producing substantially dry slag granules comprises: (a) an inclined surface having an upper and lower ends for receiving and discharging the stream of slag; (b) a dispersion device at the lower end of the inclined surface for dispersion of the molten slag; (c) one or more water addition devices for adding a controlled amount of water to the molten slag; and (d) a collection area adjacent to the dispersion device for deposition of solidified slag produced by the dispersion. The quantity of slag wool produced by the process and apparatus is less than that which would be produced without the addition of water.

Methods and systems are provided for extracting and utilizing the energy contained in molten slags generated from metal producing operations. The energy is extracted while the slag is contained within a vessel, such as, a slag pot, after the slag has been discharged from a furnace. The energy is accessed by immersing into the slag a thermally stable treatment vessel, such as, a vessel made of graphite, having an internal cavity. The energy from the slag is transmitted by direct contact of the slag with the surface of the treatment vessel. The treatment vessel and slag may be moved relative to each other to overcome the low thermal conductivity of the slag. Any substance placed within the internal cavity is heated without directly contacting the molten slag. The methods and systems provide for high temperature chemical reactions, energy conversions, or transfer operations within the internal cavity.

A process for preparing a hydraulic binder, wherein a slag melt containing P.sub.2O.sub.5 and iron oxide and further containing CaO and SiO.sub.2 are subjected to a cooling step by adding an oxidizing agent for the iron oxide for granulating the slag melt to form amorphous slag glass.