A neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, a preparation method and use thereof are disclosed. The neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet has a composition represented by formula I: [mHR(1-m) (Pr.sub.25Nd.sub.75)].sub.x(Fe.sub.100-a-b-c-dM.sub.aGa.sub.bIn.sub.cSn.sub.d).sub.100-x-yB.sub.y formula I; where a is 0.995-3.493, b is 0.114-0.375, c is 0.028-0.125, d is 0.022-0.100; x is 29.05-30.94, y is 0.866-1.000; m is 0.02-0.05; HR is Dy and/or Tb; M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Cu, Ti, Al, Nb, Zr, Ni, W and Mo.

A mounting structure is used, which includes: a semiconductor element including an element electrode; a metal member; and a sintered body configured to bond the semiconductor element and the metal member is used, in which the sintered body contains a first metal and a second metal solid-dissolved in the first metal, the second metal is a metal having a diffusion coefficient in the first metal larger than a self-diffusion coefficient of the first metal, and a content ratio of the second metal relative to a total mass of the first metal and the second metal in the sintered body is equal to or lower than a solid solution limit of the second metal to the first metal.

A mounting structure is used, which includes: a semiconductor element including an element electrode; a metal member; and a sintered body configured to bond the semiconductor element and the metal member is used, in which the sintered body contains a first metal and a second metal solid-dissolved in the first metal, the second metal is a metal having a diffusion coefficient in the first metal larger than a self-diffusion coefficient of the first metal, and a content ratio of the second metal relative to a total mass of the first metal and the second metal in the sintered body is equal to or lower than a solid solution limit of the second metal to the first metal.

Thermally configurable structural elements (e.g., aircraft components such as an aircraft winglet spar) capable of assuming at least first and second structural configurations are provided whereby the structural element includes an integral actuation mechanism may be formed of sintered shape memory alloy (SMA) particles and sintered non-SMA particles formed by an additive layer manufacturing (ALM) process, such as 3D printing. The ALM process thereby provides by at least one thermally configurable region, and at least one non-thermally configurable region which is unitarily contiguous with the at least one thermally configurable region. The at least one thermally configurable region is capable of assuming at least first and second positional orientations in response to the presence or absence of a thermal input to thereby cause the structural element to assume the at least first and second structural configurations, respectively.

Disclosed is a conductive ink composition and a manufacturing method thereof. The composition includes about 50 to about 99 wt % copper nanoparticles and about 1 to about 50 wt % tin. Copper nanoparticles are atomized and suspended in a tin bath, wherein the copper nanoparticles are evenly dispersed within the bath through sonification. The composition is cooled, extracted, and formed into a filament for use as a conductive ink. The ink has a resistivity of about 46.2×E-9 Ω*m to about 742.5×E-9 Ω*m. Once in filament form, the tin-copper mix will be viable for material extrusion, thus allowing for a lower cost, electrically conductive traces to be used in additive manufacturing.

A polymer-assisted 3D printing method and ink compositions are used to manufacture magnetocaloric devices having many applications including in heat pumps, refrigerators, etc. The ink compositions and printing methods can produce compositionally graded, anisotropically aligned magnetocaloric architectures with designed pores and channels, to bring forth significant improvement in heat exchange efficiency.

A polymer-assisted 3D printing method and ink compositions are used to manufacture magnetocaloric devices having many applications including in heat pumps, refrigerators, etc. The ink compositions and printing methods can produce compositionally graded, anisotropically aligned magnetocaloric architectures with designed pores and channels, to bring forth significant improvement in heat exchange efficiency.

A lightweight liquid metal composition and a method for producing a lightweight liquid metal composition. The composition includes: a liquid metal inclusion; a low-density phase including a plurality of particles; and an elastic polymer. The method includes: combining a low-density phase with a liquid metal to produce a multiphase liquid metal (LM), the low-density phase including a material having a density less than a density of the LM; mixing the multiphase LM with an elastomer to produce an emulsion; and curing the emulsion to produce a lightweight LM composition.

The disclosure provides for sealing systems including a composite material that includes a thermoplastic lattice structure having interstitial space that is filled with fusible metal. The composite material is formed by additively manufacturing the lattice structure, and then filling the interstitial space with the metal. The composite material may be used to form portions of valves and seals.

There are provided high melting point metal or alloy powder atomization manufacturing processes comprising providing a melt of the high melting point metal or alloy through a feed tube; diverting the melt at a diverting angle with respect to a central axis of the feed tube to obtain a diverted melt; directing the diverted melt to an atomization area; and providing at least one atomization gas stream to the atomization area. The atomization process can be carried out in the presence of water within an atomization chamber used for the atomization process.