Disclosed is an integrally combined electrical current carrier, circulation chamber and frame (CCF) formed as a single or double part (CCF) for use in unipolar electrochemical devices, such as a filter press electrolyser apparatus. The CCF is structured to define an internal circulation chamber for circulation of electrolyte, products, and reactants as well as apertures which form flow passageways when the filter press device is assembled. Affixed on opposed surfaces of the CCFs are electrically conductive planar electroactive structures which are in electrical contact with the CCF. The circulation chamber is formed by the depth of the CCF itself between opposing electroactive structures. Multiple CCFs are assembled and compressed together to form the filter press electrolyser apparatus. The flow passageway apertures within the assembled filter press electrolyser are aligned to form flow pathways, located above and below the circulation chambers. Reactants and electrolyte are input along the bottom flow pathways. When power is applied to the CCFs and electroactive structures, the reactants, once they flow into the circulation chamber with the electrolyte, undergo redox reactions to produce the products which are then collected and exit the electrolyser in the upper flow pathways.

Disclosed is an integrally combined electrical current carrier, circulation chamber and frame (CCF) formed as a single or double part (CCF) for use in unipolar electrochemical devices, such as a filter press electrolyser apparatus. The CCF is structured to define an internal circulation chamber for circulation of electrolyte, products, and reactants as well as apertures which form flow passageways when the filter press device is assembled. Affixed on opposed surfaces of the CCFs are electrically conductive planar electroactive structures which are in electrical contact with the CCF. The circulation chamber is formed by the depth of the CCF itself between opposing electroactive structures. Multiple CCFs are assembled and compressed together to form the filter press electrolyser apparatus. The flow passageway apertures within the assembled filter press electrolyser are aligned to form flow pathways, located above and below the circulation chambers. Reactants and electrolyte are input along the bottom flow pathways. When power is applied to the CCFs and electroactive structures, the reactants, once they flow into the circulation chamber with the electrolyte, undergo redox reactions to produce the products which are then collected and exit the electrolyser in the upper flow pathways.

A method and/or electrochemical cell for utilising one or more gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in an electrochemical cell, the one or more gas diffusion electrodes have a wetting pressure and/or a bubble point exceeding 0.2 bar. The one or more gas diffusion electrodes can be subjected to a pressure differential between a liquid side and a gas side. A pressure on the liquid side of the GDE over the gas side does not exceed the wetting pressure of the GDE during operation (in cases where a liquid electrolyte side has higher pressure), and/or a pressure on the gas side of the GDE over the liquid side, does not exceeds the bubble point of the GDE (in cases where the gas side has the higher pressure).

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution using salt as a raw material. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution, the method including 1) a step for electrolyzing salt and obtaining a chlorate or an aqueous solution thereof, and 2) a step for reducing the chlorate or aqueous solution thereof and manufacturing an aqueous solution including chlorous acid. The method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution includes a step for mixing an inorganic acid or an inorganic acid salt as a simple substance or two or more types thereof with the aqueous solution including chlorous acid, and then mixing any of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid, or an organic acid salt as a simple substance or two or more types thereof.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution using salt as a raw material. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution, the method including 1) a step for electrolyzing salt and obtaining a chlorate or an aqueous solution thereof, and 2) a step for reducing the chlorate or aqueous solution thereof and manufacturing an aqueous solution including chlorous acid. The method for manufacturing a chlorous acid aqueous solution includes a step for mixing an inorganic acid or an inorganic acid salt as a simple substance or two or more types thereof with the aqueous solution including chlorous acid, and then mixing any of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid, or an organic acid salt as a simple substance or two or more types thereof.

A graphene ternary composite direct current-carrying plate includes an anode plate and a cathode plate. Placed between the anode plate and the cathode plate is a graphene composite layer. The graphene composite layer is doped with a certain proportion of graphene in the aluminum mesh frame. The plate of the invention has small thickness, low ohmic voltage drop, good porosity, and low current loss. This reduces the electrolysis power consumption, thereby significantly reducing the product cost and effectively promoting the industrial production market of the sodium chlorate electrolysis method. The plate also reduces energy consumption and is environmentally friendly.

The invention provides an electrolytic cell and, more precisely, an electrolytic cell for the production of disinfecting liquids and detergents, the cell has a cylindrical tubular construction and wherein the cathode and the anode are arranged coaxially one with respect to the other, and wherein the anode has a conical shape. The invention furthermore also provides the operating method of the aforesaid electrolytic cell for the production of the aforementioned disinfectant and detergent liquids.

The electrochemical reactors disclosed herein provide novel oxidation and reduction chemistries and employ in-creased mass transport rates of materials to and from the surfaces of electrodes

A gas diffusion electrode for an electro-synthetic or electro-energy cell, for example a fuel cell, including one or more gas permeable layers, a first conductive layer provided on a first side of the gas diffusion electrode, and a second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, provided on a second side of the gas diffusion electrode. The one or more gas permeable layers are positioned between the first conductive layer and the second layer, which may be a second conductive layer, and the one or more gas permeable layers provide a gas channel. The one or more gas permeable layers are gas permeable and substantially impermeable to the liquid electrolyte. The porous conductive material is gas permeable and liquid electrolyte permeable. The gas diffusion electrode can be one of a plurality of alternating anode/cathode sets.

The electrochemical reactors disclosed herein provide novel oxidation and reduction chemistries and employ increased mass transport rates of materials to and from the surfaces of electrodes therein.