A device (10) for trapping and killing marine organisms (14) such as animal plankton, salmon lice and other parasites, comprises a body (12; 12′) configured for submersion in water (15). The body (12; 12′) comprises at least one light source (16) configured and controlled for attracting said marine organisms, and an internal cavity (20) having an opening (20′) for fluid communication with at least a portion of the water. The light sources (16) are arranged inside the cavity (20) and arranged and controlled to emit light waves through said opening and into at least a portion of the water. At least one positive electrode (24; 24′; 24″; 32) is arranged in the cavity and electrically connected to a low-voltage power source (26; 27; 30), and at least one negative electrode (15a) is arranged in the water and electrically connected to said power source (26; 27; 30). The invented device generates, by means of electrolysis with the water (15), chlorine gas (21) at or in a region near the at least one positive electrode, and the chlorine gas (21) reacts with water inside the cavity to form hypochloric acid and hydrochloric acid (31).

One aspect of the present invention provides a sodium hypochlorite producing system, which includes: a first means configured to obtain saturated salt water and purified water; a second means including a anode chamber and a cathode chamber which are partitioned by a separator, the anode chamber allowing the saturated salt water to be converted into a anodic product including chlorine gas and anodic water, and the cathode chamber allowing the purified water to be converted into a cathodic product including sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas, and hydroxide ions (OH.sup.−); a third means configured to react the anodic product and the cathodic product to produce a mixture including sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen gas; and a fourth means configured to prevent the sodium hydroxide or hydroxide ions (OH.sup.−) of the cathodic product or a combination thereof from moving to the anode chamber through the separator.

An electrolysis cell includes an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by an ion-exchange membrane. The electrolysis cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a cathode current distributor. The anode, the ion-exchange membrane, the cathode, and the cathode current distributor are in direct touching contact in the mentioned order. Flexibly resilient holding elements are arranged on the other side of the anode and/or on the other side of the cathode current distributor. The flexibly resilient holding elements exert a contact pressure on the anode and/or on the cathode current distributor. The flexibly resilient holding elements have annular elements, the axis of which is oriented in the height direction of the electrolysis cell. By means of the flexibly resilient and in part also plastically deforming annular elements, effective mechanical contact pressure of the ion-exchange membrane against the oxygen-depolarized cathode is achieved.

An electrolysis cell includes an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by an ion-exchange membrane. The electrolysis cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a cathode current distributor. The anode, the ion-exchange membrane, the cathode, and the cathode current distributor are in direct touching contact in the mentioned order. Flexibly resilient holding elements are arranged on the other side of the anode and/or on the other side of the cathode current distributor. The flexibly resilient holding elements exert a contact pressure on the anode and/or on the cathode current distributor. The flexibly resilient holding elements have annular elements, the axis of which is oriented in the height direction of the electrolysis cell. By means of the flexibly resilient and in part also plastically deforming annular elements, effective mechanical contact pressure of the ion-exchange membrane against the oxygen-depolarized cathode is achieved.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks.

The present disclosure provides natural gas and petrochemical processing systems including oxidative coupling of methane reactor systems that integrate process inputs and outputs to cooperatively utilize different inputs and outputs of the various systems in the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas and other hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Processes for producing olefins may include electrolyzing an aqueous solution comprising metal chloride, where electrolyzing the aqueous solution causes at least a portion of the metal chloride to undergo chemical reaction to produce a treatment composition comprising hypochlorite. The processes may further include contacting at least a portion of the treatment composition with the sour water at a pH from 8 to 12, where the sour water comprises sulfides and the contacting causes reaction of the sulfides in the sour water with the hypochlorite to produce a treated aqueous mixture comprising at least metal sulfates and metal chlorides, where the metal sulfates are present in the treated aqueous mixture as precipitated solids. The processes may further include separating the precipitated solids from the treated aqueous mixture to produce a treated effluent comprising at least the metal chloride.

Processes for producing olefins may include electrolyzing an aqueous solution comprising metal chloride, where electrolyzing the aqueous solution causes at least a portion of the metal chloride to undergo chemical reaction to produce a treatment composition comprising hypochlorite. The processes may further include contacting at least a portion of the treatment composition with the sour water at a pH from 8 to 12, where the sour water comprises sulfides and the contacting causes reaction of the sulfides in the sour water with the hypochlorite to produce a treated aqueous mixture comprising at least metal sulfates and metal chlorides, where the metal sulfates are present in the treated aqueous mixture as precipitated solids. The processes may further include separating the precipitated solids from the treated aqueous mixture to produce a treated effluent comprising at least the metal chloride.

Solution production devices, systems, and methods. The system includes a base portion configured to receive a vessel containing a liquid. Upon the base portion receiving the vessel, liquid is transferred from the vessel and into the base portion where it undergoes an electrochemical reaction to produce a cleaning solution. The cleaning solution is then circulated back into the vessel.

Described herein are methods for modulating expression of a gene in a cell by contacting the cell with a gene modulation composition, such as a composition including an electrolyzed saline solution.