The application discloses an electrode having polarity capable of being reversed and use thereof. The electrode includes a substrate comprising a metal or an alloy thereof; an intermediate layer arranged on the substrate and comprising a platinum group metal and a platinum group metal oxide; and a catalytic layer arranged on the intermediate layer and comprising a mixed metal oxide. The electrode may be used as an electrode for electrolysis, electrodialysis or electroplating. The electrode can simultaneously meet the working environment requirements of the cathode and the anode, which improves the environmental tolerance and realizes the protection of the substrate; and can carry out polarity reversal to clean deposits on the surface of the electrode quickly and efficiently.

The application discloses an electrode having polarity capable of being reversed and use thereof. The electrode includes a substrate comprising a metal or an alloy thereof; an intermediate layer arranged on the substrate and comprising a platinum group metal and a platinum group metal oxide; and a catalytic layer arranged on the intermediate layer and comprising a mixed metal oxide. The electrode may be used as an electrode for electrolysis, electrodialysis or electroplating. The electrode can simultaneously meet the working environment requirements of the cathode and the anode, which improves the environmental tolerance and realizes the protection of the substrate; and can carry out polarity reversal to clean deposits on the surface of the electrode quickly and efficiently.

A titanium substrate of the present invention includes a substrate main body formed of titanium or a titanium alloy, in which a Magneli phase titanium oxide film formed of a Magneli phase titanium oxide represented by a chemical formula Ti.sub.nO.sub.2n-1 (4≤n≤10) is formed on a surface of the substrate main body and a BET value of the substrate main body on which the Magneli phase titanium oxide film is formed is 0.1 m.sup.2/g or less.

A titanium substrate of the present invention includes a substrate main body formed of titanium or a titanium alloy, in which a Magneli phase titanium oxide film formed of a Magneli phase titanium oxide represented by a chemical formula Ti.sub.nO.sub.2n-1 (4≤n≤10) is formed on a surface of the substrate main body and a BET value of the substrate main body on which the Magneli phase titanium oxide film is formed is 0.1 m.sup.2/g or less.

Electrosynthesis of oxirane can include contacting a halide electrolyte with an anode and cathode respectively located in anodic and cathodic compartments; supplying olefin reactants into the electrolyte in the anodic compartment, such that the anode generates ethylene chlorohydrin; withdrawing a loaded anodic solution comprising ethylene halohydrin from the anodic compartment, and a loaded cathodic solution comprising OH.sup.- ions from the cathodic compartment; and mixing the loaded anodic solution with the loaded cathodic solution under conditions to react ethylene halohydrin with OH- to produce oxirane. The electrocatalyst can include iridium oxide on a titanium substrate, with the iridium oxide provided as nanoparticles on a titanium mesh, and the electrolyte can be aqueous KCl. The electrocatalyst can define an extended heterogenous:homogenous interface with halide ions acting as a reservoir for positive charges, thereby storing and redistributing positive charges to promote selective generation of ethylene halohydrins.

Electrosynthesis of oxirane can include contacting a halide electrolyte with an anode and cathode respectively located in anodic and cathodic compartments; supplying olefin reactants into the electrolyte in the anodic compartment, such that the anode generates ethylene chlorohydrin; withdrawing a loaded anodic solution comprising ethylene halohydrin from the anodic compartment, and a loaded cathodic solution comprising OH.sup.- ions from the cathodic compartment; and mixing the loaded anodic solution with the loaded cathodic solution under conditions to react ethylene halohydrin with OH- to produce oxirane. The electrocatalyst can include iridium oxide on a titanium substrate, with the iridium oxide provided as nanoparticles on a titanium mesh, and the electrolyte can be aqueous KCl. The electrocatalyst can define an extended heterogenous:homogenous interface with halide ions acting as a reservoir for positive charges, thereby storing and redistributing positive charges to promote selective generation of ethylene halohydrins.

The disclosure provides a novel electrocatalytic membrane reactor and use thereof in preparation of high-purity hydrogen. The electrocatalytic membrane reactor adopts an H-shaped electrolytic tank in which a cathode chamber is isolated from an anode chamber through a diaphragm, a membrane electrode is used as an anode, an auxiliary electrode is used as a cathode, a direct-current regulated power supply supplies a constant current, and the flow of a reaction solution is realized through a pump. In the disclosure, electrocatalysis is coupled with a membrane separation function, an oxygen evolution reaction is replaced with an organic electrochemical oxidation reaction in the anode chamber so as to reduce the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction, and a hydrogen evolving reaction is performed in the cathode chamber to prepare high-purity hydrogen.

The present disclosure provides a hydrogen evolution electrode and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: providing an electrolyte including Co(NO.sub.3).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O with a Co(NO.sub.3).sub.2 concentration of 0.005 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.015 mol L.sup.−1, MnCl.sub.2.Math.4H.sub.2O with a MnCl.sub.2 concentration of 0.005 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.01 mol L.sup.−1, KCl with a concentration of 0.003 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.008 mol L.sup.−1, and CH.sub.3CSNH.sub.2 with a concentration of 0.04 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.06 mol L.sup.−1; adjusting the electrolyte to a pH value of 6 to 7; providing a cathode in the form of a substrate; and conducting electrolysis in a cyclic voltammetry mode, thereby preparing the electrode for hydrogen production by water electrolysis through electrochemical deposition of a Co.sub.9-xMn.sub.xS.sub.8 nanosheet catalyst on the cathode substrate, where 1≤X≤7.

The present disclosure provides a hydrogen evolution electrode and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps: providing an electrolyte including Co(NO.sub.3).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O with a Co(NO.sub.3).sub.2 concentration of 0.005 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.015 mol L.sup.−1, MnCl.sub.2.Math.4H.sub.2O with a MnCl.sub.2 concentration of 0.005 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.01 mol L.sup.−1, KCl with a concentration of 0.003 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.008 mol L.sup.−1, and CH.sub.3CSNH.sub.2 with a concentration of 0.04 mol L.sup.−1 to 0.06 mol L.sup.−1; adjusting the electrolyte to a pH value of 6 to 7; providing a cathode in the form of a substrate; and conducting electrolysis in a cyclic voltammetry mode, thereby preparing the electrode for hydrogen production by water electrolysis through electrochemical deposition of a Co.sub.9-xMn.sub.xS.sub.8 nanosheet catalyst on the cathode substrate, where 1≤X≤7.

In a case where an alkali aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte, provided are an oxygen catalyst excellent in catalytic activity and composition stability, an electrode having high activity and stability using this oxygen catalyst, and an electrochemical measurement method that can evaluate the catalytic activity of the oxygen catalyst alone. The oxygen catalyst is an oxide having peaks at positions of 2θ=30.07°±1.00°, 34.88°±1.00°, 50.20°±1.00°, and 59.65°±1.00° in an X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuKα ray, and having constituent elements of bismuth, ruthenium, sodium, and oxygen. An atom ratio O/Bi of oxygen to bismuth and an atom ratio O/Ru of oxygen to ruthenium are both more than 3.5.