Nonwovens having low-density and resilience have a chemical formulation applied on one surface (e.g., a top surface) by any of various application methods. Then, the chemical formulation is forced to move toward the opposite surface of the nonwoven (e.g., move downward through the nonwoven from top to bottom). The chemical-treated nonwoven is dried to fix the chemical on the nonwovens. Movement through the nonwoven is performed in a controlled fashion so that after drying the distribution of a chemical formulation throughout the nonwoven (e.g., from the top surface to the bottom surface of a nonwoven) is controlled.

Nonwovens having low-density and resilience have a chemical formulation applied on one surface (e.g., a top surface) by any of various application methods. Then, the chemical formulation is forced to move toward the opposite surface of the nonwoven (e.g., move downward through the nonwoven from top to bottom). The chemical-treated nonwoven is dried to fix the chemical on the nonwovens. Movement through the nonwoven is performed in a controlled fashion so that after drying the distribution of a chemical formulation throughout the nonwoven (e.g., from the top surface to the bottom surface of a nonwoven) is controlled.

A spray applicator (1) for spraying a fluid onto a web (W) of material has a first group of spray nozzles (10A) arranged along a first axis (FA) and a second group of spray nozzles (11A) arranged along a second axis (SA). The first (FA) and second (SA) spray nozzle axes are arranged on the same side of a plane in which the web (W) is run. Each spray nozzle (10A, 11A) has an elongated spray opening configured to spray fluid in a direction towards the web (W). The first spray nozzle opening of the first group of spray nozzles (10A) has an inclination angle which differs from the second nozzle opening inclination angle of the second group of spray nozzles (11A).

A nonwoven fabric having improved fluid management properties is provided. The fabric is formed of a plurality of the fibers that include at least an aliphatic polyester polymer. The aliphatic polyester polymer defines at least a portion of an outer surface of the fibers, and includes a natural-based finish composition that is adhered thereto.

A method of preparing an electret by saturating a nonwoven fabric with a liquid, such as water, and removing the liquid via suction to generate charges by friction between the fabric fibers and the liquid is described. The saturating can be carried out, for example, by impinging the bottom side of the fabric with a jet or jets of water while the fabric is being pulled under a solid roller. Excess water can also be applied during a water quenching step of a meltblowing or spunbonding process. An apparatus for preparing an electret according to the presently disclosed methods is also described.

A method of preparing an electret by saturating a nonwoven fabric with a liquid, such as water, and removing the liquid via suction to generate charges by friction between the fabric fibers and the liquid is described. The saturating can be carried out, for example, by impinging the bottom side of the fabric with a jet or jets of water while the fabric is being pulled under a solid roller. Excess water can also be applied during a water quenching step of a meltblowing or spunbonding process. An apparatus for preparing an electret according to the presently disclosed methods is also described.

An embodiment herein provides a process for dyeing of textile materials 108 with supercritical fluid. One or more dye materials 102 along with additives (if required) are mixed with at least one suitable solvent 104 to obtain one or more dye solutions 106. A textile material 108 is pre-treated with the one or more dye solutions 106 to obtain a dye coated textile material 110. The dye-coated textile material 110 is exposed to the supercritical fluid 112 in a supercritical fluid dyeing vessel at controlled pressure and temperature. The supercritical fluid 112 solubilizes and diffuses the one or more dye materials 102 inside the surface, pores and capillaries of the textile material 108. The supercritical fluid vessel is then depressurized below supercritical condition to entrap the one or more dye materials 102 in the textile material 108 to obtain a supercritical fluid dyed textile material 114.

Provided are an apparatus for manufacturing a textile grid with increased adhesion and a method thereof capable of integrating the textile grid with a concrete structure by increasing the adhesion of the textile grid when the concrete structure is built, repaired, or reinforced, increasing structural safety and durability of the concrete structure, increasing a working speed by coating a surface of the textile grid with an abrasive material powder that is a surface coating material in an automatic series of processes immediately after the textile grid is manufactured, and increasing coating performance by automatically inspecting and adjusting the amount of the coating material applied to the surface of the textile grid using a camera.

A description is provided of an apparatus for dyeing a textile support comprising a single tank which is provided in its interior, in sequence, with: one first shaped cavity having a watertight function between the surrounding environment and the tank; one first internal partition wall, which is immersed in the lower part in the dye bath of the first shaped cavity for helping the watertight function; one first dyeing compartment and at least one second dyeing compartment which each comprise at least one return roller for the textile support, at least one dispensing device to dispense the dye bath on the textile support, and at least one squeezing device; a second shaped cavity containing the dye bath having a watertight function between the tank and the surrounding environment; and a second internal partition wall, which is immersed in the lower part in the dye bath of the second shaped cavity for helping the watertight

A description is provided of an apparatus for dyeing a textile support comprising a single tank which is provided in its interior, in sequence, with: one first shaped cavity having a watertight function between the surrounding environment and the tank; one first internal partition wall, which is immersed in the lower part in the dye bath of the first shaped cavity for helping the watertight function; one first dyeing compartment and at least one second dyeing compartment which each comprise at least one return roller for the textile support, at least one dispensing device to dispense the dye bath on the textile support, and at least one squeezing device; a second shaped cavity containing the dye bath having a watertight function between the tank and the surrounding environment; and a second internal partition wall, which is immersed in the lower part in the dye bath of the second shaped cavity for helping the watertight