The present invention relates to a flame retardant composition, including: at least one phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2); a cationic surfactant; and a nonionic surfactant: ##STR00001##
in the formula (1), A represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, n represents a number of from 1 to 10, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; ##STR00002##
in the formula (2), R.sup.9 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and r.sup.1, r.sup.2, and r.sup.3 each independently represent a number of 1 or 0.

The present invention addresses the problem of improving friction characteristics, when wet, of fibers to which a treatment agent for fibers is adhered. The treatment agent for fibers contains the fatty acid (A) below, an organic phosphate compound (B), and a (poly)oxyalkylene derivative (C). The fatty acid (A) is at least one fatty acid selected from C1-6 fatty acids, C1-6 hydroxy fatty acids, and salts of the aforementioned fatty acids.

The present invention addresses the problem of improving friction characteristics, when wet, of fibers to which a treatment agent for fibers is adhered. The treatment agent for fibers contains the fatty acid (A) below, an organic phosphate compound (B), and a (poly)oxyalkylene derivative (C). The fatty acid (A) is at least one fatty acid selected from C1-6 fatty acids, C1-6 hydroxy fatty acids, and salts of the aforementioned fatty acids.

Provided herein is a composition for digital burnout of a fabric, comprising a fiber-selective burnout agent and a carrier, being formulated for ejection from inkjet machinery. Also provided are a process, a machine and an algorithm for using and deploying the composition for digital burnout of a fabric.

A synthetic fiber finish includes a lubricant (A), a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester having at least one hydroxyl group per molecule (B), and an organic sulfonic acid compound (C). The lubricant (A) includes a sulfur-containing ester (A3). The amount of the lubricant (A) ranges from 50 to 90 wt %, the amount of the ester (B) ranges from 1 to 20 wt % and the amount of the sulfur-containing ester (A3) ranges from 5 to 20 wt %, to a nonvolatile component of the finish.

There is provided herein a process for preparing cyclic phosphonate ester comprising reacting a glycol with at least one of phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid in the presence of a solvent. There is also provided a flame retardant comprising the cyclic phosphonate ester and industrial applications containing a flame retardant effective amount of the cyclic phosphonate ester.

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There is provided herein a process for preparing cyclic phosphonate ester comprising reacting a glycol with at least one of phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid in the presence of a solvent. There is also provided a flame retardant comprising the cyclic phosphonate ester and industrial applications containing a flame retardant effective amount of the cyclic phosphonate ester.

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