The present invention provides a sustainable stain resistant composition 102 that includes (a) about 3% to 8% of at least one silicon nano particle surface functionalized with (Pentafluorophenyl)triethoxysilane 104, and (b) about 3% to 8% of at least one hydrophobic agent 106 selected from a group comprising polymer of (a) methacrylic esters of aliphatic C1 to C18 alcohols, or (b) vinyl acetate, or (c) acrylonitrile. The stain resistant composition further includes (a) at least one softening agent 110, (b) an extending agent 108, (c) at least one of (i) a wetting agent or (ii) a re-wetting agent 112, and (d) a microencapsulated odour neutralizing agent 114. The present invention also relates to a process for producing stain resistant textile 118 using the sustainable stain resistant composition 102.

The present invention provides a sustainable stain resistant composition 102 that includes (a) about 3% to 8% of at least one silicon nano particle surface functionalized with (Pentafluorophenyl)triethoxysilane 104, and (b) about 3% to 8% of at least one hydrophobic agent 106 selected from a group comprising polymer of (a) methacrylic esters of aliphatic C1 to C18 alcohols, or (b) vinyl acetate, or (c) acrylonitrile. The stain resistant composition further includes (a) at least one softening agent 110, (b) an extending agent 108, (c) at least one of (i) a wetting agent or (ii) a re-wetting agent 112, and (d) a microencapsulated odour neutralizing agent 114. The present invention also relates to a process for producing stain resistant textile 118 using the sustainable stain resistant composition 102.

The present invention provides a carbon membrane for fluid separation that can suppress the breakage of a carbon membrane installed in a separation module during a vacuum desorption step before permeation of a fluid or during permeation of a fluid. The present invention provides a carbon membrane for fluid separation including a porous carbon support and a dense carbon layer provided on the porous carbon support, wherein the porous carbon support has an R.sub.s value of 1.0 or less, where the R.sub.s value is an R value (peak intensity of D-band (1360 cm.sup.−1)/peak intensity of G-band (1580 cm.sup.−1)) calculated from a Raman spectrum.

A method for producing a laminate including a substrate and a rubber layer, the rubber layer having a thickness of 200 m or more from the surface of the substrate, the method including contacting the substrate in a heated state with a polymer latex having a viscosity of 2,000 to 100,000 mPa.Math.s at 25 C. to thereby coagulate the polymer in contact therewith to form the rubber layer.

The present invention provides a carbon membrane for fluid separation that can suppress the breakage of a carbon membrane installed in a separation module during a vacuum desorption step before permeation of a fluid or during permeation of a fluid. The present invention provides a carbon membrane for fluid separation including a porous carbon support and a dense carbon layer provided on the porous carbon support, wherein the porous carbon support has an R.sub.s value of 1.0 or less, where the R.sub.s value is an R value (peak intensity of D-band (1360 cm.sup.1)/peak intensity of G-band (1580 cm.sup.1)) calculated from a Raman spectrum.

A rubber formed article includes a laminate in which a rubber layer of nitrile rubber is laminated on a fiber base material. The nitrile rubber contains a copolymer having 52 to 78% by weight of conjugated diene monomer units, 20 to 40% by weight of ,-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer units, and 2 to 10% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer units. Stress at 50% elongation of the laminate is 20 N or smaller. A ratio of an area where rubber is visible when the laminate is viewed from the back side to an area of the laminate is 15% or less. The thickness of the rubber layer is 0.30 mm or less.

A rubber formed article includes a laminate in which a rubber layer of nitrile rubber is laminated on a fiber base material. The nitrile rubber contains a copolymer having 52 to 78% by weight of conjugated diene monomer units, 20 to 40% by weight of ,-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer units, and 2 to 10% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer units. Stress at 50% elongation of the laminate is 20 N or smaller. A ratio of an area where rubber is visible when the laminate is viewed from the back side to an area of the laminate is 15% or less. The thickness of the rubber layer is 0.30 mm or less.

A curable polymer latex composition obtainable by: (a) subjecting a monomer mixture comprising i. at least one conjugated diene; ii. at least one ethylenically unsaturated nitrile; iii. optionally at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid; iv. optionally at least one further ethylenically unsaturated compound different from any of the compounds (i)-(iii); to free-radical emulsion polymerization in an aqueous reaction medium to form a raw polymer latex; and (b) allowing the obtained raw latex to mature in the presence of at least one thiocarbonyl-functional compound, wherein the at least one thiocarbonyl-functional compound is present in an amount of at least 0.05 wt.-%, based on the total amount of monomers subjected to free-radical emulsion polymerization in step (a), and (c) optionally compounding the matured polymer latex with one or more cross-linking agent. Methods for making such curable polymer latex composition or rubber articles made therefrom, respectively.

A method of producing a laminated body, the method including a coagulant solution deposition step of depositing a coagulant solution on a fiber substrate, and a coagulation step of forming a polymer layer on the fiber substrate by bringing a polymer latex into contact with the fiber substrate having the coagulant solution deposited thereon to cause a polymer to coagulate. As the coagulant solution, a solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing 0.2 to 7.0% by weight of a metal salt as a coagulant and 0.1 to 7.0% by weight of an organic acid in a solvent is used. In the method of producing a laminated body, the metal salt is a polyvalent metal salt. In the method of producing a laminated body, the organic acid is an organic acid having at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a hydroxy group, and a thiol group.

A carbon nanotube yarn is coated with polyacrylonitrile to form a coated carbon nanotube yarn. The polyacrylonitrile is converted to crystalline carbon to form a layered carbon fiber with a sheath of the crystalline carbon and a core of the carbon nanotube yarn.