A welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate by applying a process solvent to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may be configured as an ionic-liquid based solvent and the welded substrate may be a congealed network after the process solvent has been adequately swollen and/or mobilized the substrate. A welding process may be configured such that individual fibers of a substrate are not fully dissolved such that material in the fiber core may be left in the native state by controlling process variables. The welding process fibers may have a tenacity 10% or 20% greater or a diameter 25% less than that of a cellulosic-based yarn substrate.

A black ink composition for inkjet printing that contains a water-soluble organic solvent, a resin emulsion, a dispersing agent, and at least four types of sublimation dyes. At least three of the sublimation dye types are C.I. disperse yellow, C.I. disperse red, and C.I. disperse blue, and at least one of the sublimation dye types has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength band of 640 nm to less than 680 nm as measured from a visible spectral absorption of a solution obtained by dissolving the dye in acetone. An ink set for inkjet printing that includes the black ink composition for inkjet printing, and a method for printing on hydrophobic fibers that uses the composition and the ink set.

The invention provides a disperse dye color paste for waterless dyeing, which comprises, by weight, 10%-40% of disperse dye filter cakes, 2%-35% of a dispersant, 5%-20% of a dyeing auxiliary, 0.1-0.5% of a surfactant, and 20%-88% of a solvent. The disperse dye color paste for waterless dyeing of the invention has a small particle size; and after waterless dyeing, a textile does not contain cleavable carcinogenic aromatic amine azo dyes, allergenic dyes, forbidden aromatic amine or bioactive substances. The disperse dye color paste for waterless dyeing of the invention can be stably stored for 6-12 months which is beneficial to the transportation of dyes and the production management of dyeing factories. Moreover, a dyeing effect featuring a high fixation rate is realized after the disperse dye color paste for waterless dyeing is applied to textiles.

A non-aqueous fabric dyeing method using a non-aqueous dyeing composition is described. The dyeing composition is a fluid at room temperature; contains no more than 5% water, no more than 5% VOCs and no more than 2.5% by weight vinyl monomers. The dye composition includes an organic dye that is solid at temperatures up to 130° C. and which sublimes or boils at 130 to 220° C., and further includes a carrier that is a liquid in the temperature range of 130 to 220° C.

The invention discloses a special-purpose reactive disperse dye for waterless dyeing of natural fibers in supercritical CO.sub.2 fluid and an intermediate thereof. The reactive disperse dye has a longer alkane-chain bridging group between a chromophoric parent structure and an active group of the dye, which effectively promotes the donating-withdrawing effect on the electron cloud in the conjugated system, enhances the hyperchromic effect, effectively reduce the influence of the active group itself and its reaction on the dye coloring system, improves the color and stability against acid and alkali of the dye, and facilitate the improvement of the compatibility of the dye with supercritical fluid and the dyeing performance for natural fibers as well. The invention also discloses an intermediate of the reactive disperse dye, and a method for preparing the reactive disperse dye.

A welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate by applying a process solvent to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may be configured as an ionic-liquid based solvent and the welded substrate may be a congealed network after the process solvent has been adequately swollen and/or mobilized the substrate. A welding process may be configured such that individual fibers of a substrate are not fully dissolved such that material in the fiber core may be left in the native state by controlling process variables. The welding process fibers may have a tenacity 10% or 20% greater or a diameter 25% less than that of a cellulosic-based yarn substrate.

A black ink composition for inkjet printing that contains a water-soluble organic solvent, a resin emulsion, a dispersing agent, and at least four types of sublimation dyes. At least three of the sublimation dye types are C.I. disperse yellow, C.I. disperse red, and C.I. disperse blue, and at least one of the sublimation dye types has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength band of 640 nm to less than 680 nm as measured from a visible spectral absorption of a solution obtained by dissolving the dye in acetone. An ink set for inkjet printing that includes the black ink composition for inkjet printing, and a method for printing on hydrophobic fibers that uses the composition and the ink set.

A dyeing and welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate having at least some color imparted thereto via a dye and/or coloring agent by applying a process solvent having a dye and/or coloring agent therein to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may include a binder, such as dissolved biopolymer (e.g., cellulose). After application of a process solvent comprised of a dye and/or coloring agent, the substrate may be exposed to a second application of a process solvent comprised of a binder, which second application may occur before or after a process temperature/pressure zone, process solvent recovery zone, and/or drying zone.

A welding process may be configured to convert a substrate into a welded substrate by applying a process solvent to the substrate, wherein the process solvent interrupts one or more intermolecular force between one or more component in the substrate. The substrate may be configured as a natural fiber, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and silk. The process solvent may be configured as an ionic-liquid based solvent and the welded substrate may be a congealed network after the process solvent has been adequately swollen and/or mobilized the substrate. A welding process may be configured such that individual fibers of a substrate are not fully dissolved such that material in the fiber core may be left in the native state by controlling process variables. The welding process fibers may have a tenacity 10% or 20% greater or a diameter 25% less than that of a cellulosic-based yarn substrate.

A non-aqueous fabric dyeing method used a non-aqueous dyeing composition. The dyeing composition is a fluid at room temperature; contains no more than 5% water, no more than 5% VOCs and no more than 2.5% by weight vinyl monomers. The dye composition includes an organic dye that is solid at temperatures up to 130° C. and which sublimes or boils at 130 to 220° C., and further includes a carrier that is a liquid in the temperature range of 130 to 220° C.