A method is provided for producing a green paper for producing a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for a fuel cell. A first paper web is formed, and a second paper web is formed, which are brought together with and rigidly connected to the first paper web while still wet. The first paper web and the second paper web are mixed with metal powder and/or metal fibers and together form the green paper, optionally together with additional components and/or coatings. The final GDL is provided after a binding-removal process, a sintering process, a coating process, a (thermal) deposition process (atomic layer deposition process, ALD), and optionally additional process steps.

A method is provided for producing a green paper for producing a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for a fuel cell. A use is described of an accordingly produced gas diffusion layer (GDL) in a fuel cell. A first paper web is loaded with metal powder and/or metal fibers, and a microporous layer (MPL) is in the form of at least one coating is applied onto the paper web. The paper web is then subjected to a binder removal process, a sintering process, a coating process, atomic layer deposition (ALD) using thermal ALD methods, and optionally additional process steps in order to obtain the final GDL. After the sintering process, all of the organic components of the green paper are pyrolyzed and thus no longer contained in the GDL, and the GDL consists virtually exclusively of a metal framework.

A method for manufacturing watermarked paper, comprising at least one watermark constituted by one or more light regions which have a lower density of fibers and one or more dark regions which have a higher density of fibers, by way of at least one mould cylinder covered with a mould cover which is adapted to modulate the density of fibers that are deposited on the mould cylinder, which comprises: a step of forming the mould cover, in which one or more light areas adapted to produce the light regions in the paper and one or more dark areas adapted to produce the dark regions in the paper are produced in the mould cover; a step of deposition, in which the fibers are deposited on the mould cylinder covered with the mould cover so as to provide the watermarked paper.

A watermark sheet made up of a substrate layer with opposing water and fiber surfaces, a pattern of at least two watermark indicia, and a set of apertures extending from the water surface toward the fiber surface of the substrate layer, is provided. The pattern of at least two watermark indicia is distributed over a continuous area of the fiber surface. The inventive watermark sheet provides watermarks of improved quality. Also provided is a watermark sleeve made up of a cylinder mold and the inventive watermark sheet wrapped around and affixed to an outer diametric surface of the cylinder mold. In addition, methods of manufacturing the watermark sheet, the watermark sleeve, a watermarked paper and a high security document are provided, as well as products resulting from these methods of manufacture.

A watermark sheet made up of a substrate layer with opposing water and fiber surfaces, a pattern of at least two watermark indicia, and a set of apertures extending from the water surface toward the fiber surface of the substrate layer, is provided. The pattern of at least two watermark indicia is distributed over a continuous area of the fiber surface. The inventive watermark sheet provides watermarks of improved quality. Also provided is a watermark sleeve made up of a cylinder mold and the inventive watermark sheet wrapped around and affixed to an outer diametric surface of the cylinder mold. In addition, methods of manufacturing the watermark sheet, the watermark sleeve, a watermarked paper and a high security document are provided, as well as products resulting from these methods of manufacture.

A paper including one or more multi-tonal watermarks having full tonality (depth), and an improved watermarking tool for manufacturing such paper, is provided. The improved watermarking tool is selected from the group of: (a) an assembly that is made up of an electrotype element representing a halftone image of a watermark, and a wire-mesh for use in the manufacture of watermarked paper, wherein the electrotype element is affixed to the wire-mesh, and wherein the electrotype element and the wire-mesh are pressed or embossed, either separately or together in register, with the image of the watermark represented by the electrotype element; and (b) an enhanced wire-mesh made up of woven wires which may be arranged in a regular or substantially regular grid, wherein areas of the grid are filled with a polymeric material which forms regions of blocked drainage, wherein the wire-mesh including open areas as well as those areas filled with the polymeric material are pressed or embossed either separately or together with an image of a watermark.

A paper including one or more multi-tonal watermarks having full tonality (depth), and an improved watermarking tool for manufacturing such paper, is provided. The improved watermarking tool is selected from the group of: (a) an assembly that is made up of an electrotype element representing a halftone image of a watermark, and a wire-mesh for use in the manufacture of watermarked paper, wherein the electrotype element is affixed to the wire-mesh, and wherein the electrotype element and the wire-mesh are pressed or embossed, either separately or together in register, with the image of the watermark represented by the electrotype element; and (b) an enhanced wire-mesh made up of woven wires which may be arranged in a regular or substantially regular grid, wherein areas of the grid are filled with a polymeric material which forms regions of blocked drainage, wherein the wire-mesh including open areas as well as those areas filled with the polymeric material are pressed or embossed either separately or together with an image of a watermark.

A device for producing a pattern combination on a clothing includes the following: a rotary screen, a cylindrical jacket surface with a perforation pattern that defines a first pattern component. Material in the liquid or pasty state is pressed through the perforations of the jacket surface of the rotary screen and deposited on the surface of the clothing in order to produce the first pattern component on a surface of the clothing, while the rotary screen, rotating several times about a longitudinal axis thereof, rolls on the surface of the clothing in at least one path that continuously revolves on the surface of the clothing at least once. At least one device produces, synchronously and/or simultaneously, a second pattern component, which device is connected indirectly or directly to the rotary screen. The device for producing the pattern combination also includes a post-run system.

A device for producing a pattern combination on a clothing includes the following: a rotary screen, a cylindrical jacket surface with a perforation pattern that defines a first pattern component. Material in the liquid or pasty state is pressed through the perforations of the jacket surface of the rotary screen and deposited on the surface of the clothing in order to produce the first pattern component on a surface of the clothing, while the rotary screen, rotating several times about a longitudinal axis thereof, rolls on the surface of the clothing in at least one path that continuously revolves on the surface of the clothing at least once. At least one device produces, synchronously and/or simultaneously, a second pattern component, which device is connected indirectly or directly to the rotary screen. The device for producing the pattern combination also includes a post-run system.

The present invention relates to a watermark formation element for forming watermarks in paper, a cylinder mould cover comprising such a watermark formation element, a method of making such a cylinder mould cover, a method of making paper using such a cylinder mould cover and paper made thereby. The watermark formation element has an integrated body comprising a watermark forming surface, which has one or more watermark forming regions, and a drainage surface. A plurality of drainage channels extend from front surface apertures in the watermark forming surface to the drainage surface. At least some of the front surface apertures are shaped to define at least one of an alphanumeric, a symbol or a pictorial image. A filter layer located between the watermark forming surface and the drainage surface having filter layer apertures which have a maximum width which is less than a smallest width of the front surface apertures.