In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to substance detecting assemblies that include: (1) a sample medium (e.g., filter paper); and (2) a solid test chemical (e.g., zinc) impregnated with the sample medium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of making an assembly for detecting a substance by: (1) providing a sample medium; (2) providing a solid test chemical; and (3) impregnating the sample medium with the solid test chemical. In further embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods for detecting a substance by: (1) collecting the substance on a sample medium that is impregnated with a solid test chemical; and (2) initiating a reaction of the substance with the solid test chemical on the sample medium to generate a color that corresponds to the substance. In some embodiments, the sample medium is then inserted into a chemical detection unit for the detection of the substance.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to substance detecting assemblies that include: (1) a sample medium (e.g., filter paper); and (2) a solid test chemical (e.g., zinc) impregnated with the sample medium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of making an assembly for detecting a substance by: (1) providing a sample medium; (2) providing a solid test chemical; and (3) impregnating the sample medium with the solid test chemical. In further embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods for detecting a substance by: (1) collecting the substance on a sample medium that is impregnated with a solid test chemical; and (2) initiating a reaction of the substance with the solid test chemical on the sample medium to generate a color that corresponds to the substance. In some embodiments, the sample medium is then inserted into a chemical detection unit for the detection of the substance.

A method for creping paper includes applying an adhesive composition to an outer surface of a creping cylinder (Yankee cylinder) to form an adhesive coating, contacting paper with the adhesive coating, removing the paper and adhesive coating from the creping cylinder, and determining a quality of the adhesive coating. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may include measuring a degree of cross-linking of the adhesive polymer, a concentration of the adhesive polymer in the adhesive coating, a water content of the adhesive coating, an ash content of the adhesive coating, or combinations thereof. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may also include determining a thickness of the adhesive coating by measuring light absorbed by the coating and calculating the thickness using Beer's Law. Systems and apparatuses for determining the quality of the adhesive coating and for creping paper are also disclosed.

A method for creping paper includes applying an adhesive composition to an outer surface of a creping cylinder (Yankee cylinder) to form an adhesive coating, contacting paper with the adhesive coating, removing the paper and adhesive coating from the creping cylinder, and determining a quality of the adhesive coating. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may include measuring a degree of cross-linking of the adhesive polymer, a concentration of the adhesive polymer in the adhesive coating, a water content of the adhesive coating, an ash content of the adhesive coating, or combinations thereof. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may also include determining a thickness of the adhesive coating by measuring light absorbed by the coating and calculating the thickness using Beer's Law. Systems and apparatuses for determining the quality of the adhesive coating and for creping paper are also disclosed.

Methods and compositions for rapid and efficient assembly of fibers coated with lamellar vesicles are provided. Cosmetic and therapeutic uses of vesicle-coated fibers are also provided.

The present invention relates to a method for hydrophobizing a cellulose substrate, which comprises a first side and a second side, which faces away from the first side, wherein the method comprising the steps of:—drying the cellulose substrate to a dry content above 80%, preferably above 85%;—providing a fatty acid halide in spray form; and—guiding said fatty acid halide in spray form to contact the first side of the cellulose substrate, and at least partially penetrate the cellulose substrate.

The present invention relates to a method for hydrophobizing a cellulose substrate, which comprises a first side and a second side, which faces away from the first side, wherein the method comprising the steps of:—drying the cellulose substrate to a dry content above 80%, preferably above 85%;—providing a fatty acid halide in spray form; and—guiding said fatty acid halide in spray form to contact the first side of the cellulose substrate, and at least partially penetrate the cellulose substrate.

A method for creping paper includes applying an adhesive composition to an outer surface of a creping cylinder (Yankee cylinder) to form an adhesive coating, contacting paper with the adhesive coating, removing the paper and adhesive coating from the creping cylinder, and determining a quality of the adhesive coating. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may include measuring a degree of cross-linking of the adhesive polymer, a concentration of the adhesive polymer in the adhesive coating, a water content of the adhesive coating, an ash content of the adhesive coating, or combinations thereof. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may also include determining a thickness of the adhesive coating by measuring light absorbed by the coating and calculating the thickness using Beer's Law. Systems and apparatuses for determining the quality of the adhesive coating and for creping paper are also disclosed.

A method for creping paper includes applying an adhesive composition to an outer surface of a creping cylinder (Yankee cylinder) to form an adhesive coating, contacting paper with the adhesive coating, removing the paper and adhesive coating from the creping cylinder, and determining a quality of the adhesive coating. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may include measuring a degree of cross-linking of the adhesive polymer, a concentration of the adhesive polymer in the adhesive coating, a water content of the adhesive coating, an ash content of the adhesive coating, or combinations thereof. Determining the quality of the adhesive coating may also include determining a thickness of the adhesive coating by measuring light absorbed by the coating and calculating the thickness using Beer's Law. Systems and apparatuses for determining the quality of the adhesive coating and for creping paper are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to paperboard having an improved basis weight to bending strength relationship and methods of making paperboard having an improved basis weight to bending strength relationship. In particular, a paperboard provided herein includes a refined cellulose in at least 1 ply.