A flexible pavement structure comprises a surface layer, a base layer, a sub-base layer, and a subgrade layer. Herein, the surface layer is adjacent to and above the base layer, and the sub-base layer is adjacent to and above the subgrade layer. The flexible pavement structure further comprises a layered system composed of first, second, and third materials different from each other, and is disposed as an interface layer between the base layer and the sub-base layer. The first material is a geotextile fabric selected from a group consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene, providing ground stabilization or reinforcement properties. The second material is a waterproof heat insulation material selected from a group consisting of cross-linked polyethylene foam and laminated aluminum foil, providing waterproofing or impermeability properties. The third material is a glass foamed insulation material.

Various embodiments of a system for monitoring drainage of a permeable pavement system are provided as well as various exemplary installation scenarios. In particular, embodiments of a permeable (or pervious) pavement management platform are disclosed herein. In embodiments, the pavement management platform provides a service that allows the user to determine vacuum maintenance needs for permeable (or pervious) pavement systems. Advantages of the platform include: subscription-based asset management platform as a service (PaaS), customized off-the-shelf water-level sensors, off-the-shelf tipping-bucket rain gauge, observation well installation consistent with industry standards, can be implemented in residential, commercial, municipal, county, and state systems, lithium-ion battery powered sensor, LoRA sensor to hub data transmission network, cellular data transmission from hub, electrical power for cellular data transmission hub (can be solar panel powered), real-time dashboarding of surface runoff storage, real-time dashboarding of ground water recharge rate, and permeability (clogging) threshold alerts, among others.

Various embodiments of a system for monitoring drainage of a permeable pavement system are provided as well as various exemplary installation scenarios. In particular, embodiments of a permeable (or pervious) pavement management platform are disclosed herein. In embodiments, the pavement management platform provides a service that allows the user to determine vacuum maintenance needs for permeable (or pervious) pavement systems. Advantages of the platform include: subscription-based asset management platform as a service (PaaS), customized off-the-shelf water-level sensors, off-the-shelf tipping-bucket rain gauge, observation well installation consistent with industry standards, can be implemented in residential, commercial, municipal, county, and state systems, lithium-ion battery powered sensor, LoRA sensor to hub data transmission network, cellular data transmission from hub, electrical power for cellular data transmission hub (can be solar panel powered), real-time dashboarding of surface runoff storage, real-time dashboarding of ground water recharge rate, and permeability (clogging) threshold alerts, among others.

The disclosure discloses a hard pavement construction method for natural groundwater recharge, comprising the following steps: drilling to an underground shallow sand zone water storage layer on a flattened earth floor, filling holes with sand, inserting rod-shaped tools into the holes filled with the sand, pouring concrete to form a concrete foundation layer with a flat surface, removing the rod-shaped tools, filling the holes with the sand to be flush with a plane of the concrete foundation layer, sanding and compacting on the concrete foundation layer, directly arranging pavement bricks on a sand surface in an unbonded manner to form a hard pavement, and enabling rain and snow water on the hard pavement to pass through cracks of the pavement bricks, rapidly and naturally recharge to the underground shallow sand zone water storage layer via the holes and slowly permeate to an underground deep sand zone water storage layer.

A surface water mitigation structure suitable for use in the storage and treatment of contaminated surface water runoff. The runoff is processed through a multi-layered filtration and treatment system wherein the first layer is a permeable composite capstone that can support substantial loads yet is pervious enough to allow runoff to pass through it and into a porous storage medium second layer that includes one or more remediating agents, and wherein the effluent from the surface water mitigation structure can be discharged to the ground, the surface, and/or a drainage system reduced or free of contaminants.

A structural cell system for supporting hardscape, allowing tree root growth, and managing stormwater underneath the hardscape. The system may include: a base having a plurality of receptacles and a plurality of support members interconnecting the receptacles; a plurality of legs each sized and shaped to be attachable to the base within one of the receptacles so as to extend from the base, and to be attachable to another of the legs so that pairs of legs attached to each other collectively extend from the base; and a top attachable to the legs. Outer edges of the base, the top, and the legs attached thereto define a volume, and are configured to support at least that portion of the hardscape overlying the top as well as a commercial vehicle traffic load thereon, while maintaining soil in a substantially uncompacted state throughout at least approximately ninety percent of the volume.

A water-permeable woven geotextile fabric for providing soil reinforcement and/or stabilization, for example as an underlayment in road construction, utilizes a series of round warp fibers, in combination with a series of flat warp fibers, across the width of the fabric to increase water flow while still providing desired filtration. In particular, the round warp fibers form angles that allow greater amounts of water to pass through the fabric. In addition, using both round and flat warp fibers results in increased roughness of the fabric surface, which makes the fabric more resistant to being pulled out of the soil when pulled on. Furthermore, one or more of the round and/or flat warp fibers can include a color selected for high visibility to the human eye in daylight conditions.

The invention provides an unpowered anti-frost anti-heave heat gathering device and subgrade thereof, comprising a solar heat absorber, a circulating tube, a transducer, and a heat gathering tube, wherein the solar heat absorber and the transducer are connected by the circulating tube to form a circulation loop, through which a liquid state circulating working medium flows, the solar heat absorber is configured to absorb solar energy and transfer heat to the transducer through the liquid state circulating working medium, the heat gathering tube comprises a heat absorption section and a heat release section in communication, the heat absorption section is inserted into the transducer for absorbing heat from the transducer and transferring heat to the heat release section, and the heat release section is inserted into a subgrade for heating the subgrade.

The invention provides an unpowered anti-frost anti-heave heat gathering device and subgrade thereof, comprising a solar heat absorber, a circulating tube, a transducer, and a heat gathering tube, wherein the solar heat absorber and the transducer are connected by the circulating tube to form a circulation loop, through which a liquid state circulating working medium flows, the solar heat absorber is configured to absorb solar energy and transfer heat to the transducer through the liquid state circulating working medium, the heat gathering tube comprises a heat absorption section and a heat release section in communication, the heat absorption section is inserted into the transducer for absorbing heat from the transducer and transferring heat to the heat release section, and the heat release section is inserted into a subgrade for heating the subgrade.

An air self-circulation unpowered heating device includes a heat collection header mounted outside a subgrade, a solar heat absorption box having one end inserted into the heat collection header for absorbing solar energy and transferring heat to the heat collection header, and a heat gathering tube comprising a heat absorption section and a heat release section in communication. The heat absorption section is inserted into the heat collection header for absorbing heat of the heat collection header and transferring heat to the heat release section, and the heat release section is inserted into the subgrade for heating the subgrade.