In one or more arrangements, a stackable pad system is provided. The system has a plurality of blocks with each block having a flat upper surface with an upward extending lip positioned at opposing ends of the flat upper surface. Each block has a flat lower surface with a downward extending lip positioned at opposing ends of the flat lower surface. In some arrangements, the system includes a bottom locking plate and a top locking plate. When placed together, in a stacked arrangement, wherein a bottom most pair of blocks are stacked on top of the bottom locking plate with bottom lips fitting within the recesses of the bottom locking plate, additional pairs of blocks are stacked on the first pair of blocks and the top locking plate placed on the top most pair blocks, the blocks are all locked together and resist shifting and movement.

A coupling between lead and extension pile segments of a driven piling. The extension segment has a formed end, an opposite driven end and a body extending therebetween. The formed end has an inner diameter equal to an outer diameter of an exposed end of the lead segment and greater than an outer diameter of the extension segment's body. The formed end has an initial length prior to coupling the extension and lead segments; the formed end undergoes secondary end forming when a driving force is applied, such that the formed end has a final length exceeding the initial length after the extension and lead segments are coupled. In some embodiments, the extension segment has an external ring portion positioned upstream of the formed end, and the exposed end of the lead segment is cold extruded into and through the external ring portion of the extension segment.

A pile is comprised of a pipe, i.e., a tube or hollow cylinder of annular cross-section, with a coextensive internal reinforcement comprised of a plurality of intersecting walls forming a plurality of vertices. Each vertex intersects the pipe. Adjacent intersections are evenly spaced around the annular cross-section. The pile is comprised of a blend of PVC and 20 to 50% (pbw) chopped strand glass fibers. A groove is cut into the pile adjacent to an end for frictional retention in a sea bed.

An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.

An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.

A multilayer integral geogrid, including one or more cellular layers, has a plurality of oriented multilayer strands interconnected by partially oriented multilayer junctions with an array of openings therein. The multilayer integral geogrid having one or more cellular layers is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one outer layer thereof having the cellular structure. By virtue of the cellular layer structure, the multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer vertical compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the multilayer integral geogrid to stabilize and strengthen soil, aggregates, or other particulate materials.

A method is disclosed for manufacturing connectable or non-connectable elongate porous plastic profiles 12 from substantially continuous randomised extruded plastic strands made of recycled thermoplastics. Current manufacturing processes can manufacture similar products, comprising short partially melted plastic particles melded together forming planks. These planks, however, are inherently friable, easily broken and not readily connectable. These shortcomings are caused by the manufacturing method used, being friction plate agglomeration. This invention utilises an extrusion process, which produces substantially endless random strands of thermoplastic 13 which drop and are welded together to form a porous mass, which is then compressed into boards or planks by pulling the mass through a forming tool 6 and 7. The profile can be adjusted to form edge recesses allowing the planks to be fitted together, for instance to form area coverings, or they can simply be laid end to end to form drainage channels.

An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.

An expanded multilayer integral geogrid includes a plurality of oriented strands interconnected by partially oriented junctions having an array of openings therein that is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one inner layer thereof having a structure that is expanded relative to at least one other layer of the multiple layers. By virtue of the expanded inner layer structure, the expanded multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the expanded multilayer integral geogrid in soil geosynthetic reinforcement, and economic benefits compared to a like integral geogrid without an expanded inner layer structure.