A piston assembly includes a piston head for reciprocating back and forth within a cylinder of an engine, an upper rod coupled to the piston head at one longitudinal end of the upper rod and fixed relative to the piston head, and a lower rod rotatably coupled to an opposite longitudinal end of the upper rod, the lower rod configured to pivot about the opposite longitudinal end of the upper rod. The lower rod is configured to couple to a crankshaft at a longitudinal end of the lower rod opposite the upper rod. Methods of forming a piston assembly and engines incorporating such piston assemblies are also disclosed.

Methods for making an apparatus comprising a cylinder for an engine having at least one combustion chamber and a squish area disposed at or around a base of the at least one combustion chamber, wherein the at least one combustion chamber comprises a paraboloidal cavity.

A piston for an internal combustion engine and a method for producing a piston are disclosed. The piston includes an upper piston part and a lower piston part that together delimit a circumferential cooling channel for receiving a cooling medium both radially inside and radially outside. The upper piston part and the lower piston part are connected to one another via a radially outer weld connection and a radially inner weld connection. The radially outer weld connection includes a radially outer weld bead that projects radially inwards into the cooling channel for forming a deflection element for the cooling medium received in the cooling channel.

A piston for an internal combustion engine and a method for producing a piston are disclosed. The piston includes an upper piston part and a lower piston part that together delimit a circumferential cooling channel for receiving a cooling medium both radially inside and radially outside. The upper piston part and the lower piston part are connected to one another via a radially outer weld connection and a radially inner weld connection. The radially outer weld connection includes a radially outer weld bead that projects radially inwards into the cooling channel for forming a deflection element for the cooling medium received in the cooling channel.

A combustion system is provided for an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head and a piston. In one example, a combustion system may include a cylinder head with a second cylinder surface angled relative to a first cylinder surface, an intake port coupled to the first cylinder surface, an exhaust port coupled to the second cylinder surface, and a piston with a first piston surface parallel to the first cylinder surface and a second piston surface parallel to the second cylinder surface.

A combustion system is provided for an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head and a piston. In one example, a combustion system may include a cylinder head with a second cylinder surface angled relative to a first cylinder surface, an intake port coupled to the first cylinder surface, an exhaust port coupled to the second cylinder surface, and a piston with a first piston surface parallel to the first cylinder surface and a second piston surface parallel to the second cylinder surface.

An internal combustion may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted therein. The piston may be configured to move in a first stroke that includes an expansion stroke portion and a non-expansion stroke portion. The engine may further include first and second piston rod portions extending from opposite faces of the piston. A recess in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between a combustion chamber and locations outside the cylinder. There may also be a chamber surrounding the first or second piston rod portion, the chamber configured to be supplied with gas and the chamber being isolated from the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.

An internal combustion may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted therein. The piston may be configured to move in a first stroke that includes an expansion stroke portion and a non-expansion stroke portion. The engine may further include first and second piston rod portions extending from opposite faces of the piston. A recess in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between a combustion chamber and locations outside the cylinder. There may also be a chamber surrounding the first or second piston rod portion, the chamber configured to be supplied with gas and the chamber being isolated from the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.

A reciprocating combustion engine includes at least one cylinder, in which a reciprocating piston is arranged back and forth movable. The reciprocating combustion engine includes a pin structure arranged on the combustion chamber side in the area of the cylinder head or the piston bottom. Due to the pin structure, local peak temperatures can be avoided during the combustion process, so that NOx emissions can be avoided or at least greatly reduced. A motor vehicle, for example a commercial vehicle, includes a reciprocating combustion engine.

A power cylinder system for a reciprocating engine includes a steel piston configured to move within a cylinder of the reciprocating engine. The system also includes a groove extending circumferentially about the piston beneath a top land of the piston and configured to support a ring having an inner circumferential face. One or more channels are formed in the top land and are configured to facilitate transfer of combustion gases to a space between a portion of the groove and the inner circumferential face of the ring.