A multi-stable actuator includes a first superelastic-shape memory alloy (SE-SMA) wire extending between a first fixed support and a movable element and a second SE-SMA wire extending between a second fixed support and the movable element. The first SE-SMA wire is in tension against the second SE-SMA wire and the second SE-SMA wire is in tension against the first SE-SMA wire. The multi-stable actuator also includes at least one heating device configured to heat the first SE-SMA wire independent of the second SE-SMA wire and to heat the second SE-SMA wire independent of the first SE-SMA wire such that the movable element moves between and to at least three fixed positions without use of a brake or clutch.

A seating assembly comprises a calf rest coupled to a seat base and having a body that comprises a first trough that extends from a first exterior peak to an interior peak and a second trough that extends from a second exterior peak to the interior peak. The seating assembly also comprises a wire that extends across the first trough from the first exterior peak to the interior peak, the wire being operable between an at rest condition and a contracted condition, wherein movement of the wire from the at rest condition to the contracted condition moves a portion of the wire between the first exterior peak and the interior peak away from a bottom of the first trough. The seating assembly further comprises a controller that prompts electrical current to be supplied to the wire to move the wire from the at rest condition to the contracted condition.

An actuator for a vehicle seat can be configured to prevent overstress of a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire. The actuator can include a first body member and a second body member pivotably connected to each other. The actuator can include an overstress post and an overstress contact plate operatively connected to the overstress post. Thus, movement of the overstress post causes movement of the overstress contact plate. The actuator can include an overstress contact pin. The actuator can include an SMA wire operatively connected to one of the body members and to the overstress post. When activated, the SMA wire can shrink, causing one of the body members to pivot relative to the other body member and causing the overstress contact plate to move toward the overstress contact pin. If the overstress contact plate contacts the overstress contact pin, the SMA wire can be deactivated.

Actuation systems and methods are disclosed. An apparatus includes a system including a flow cell receptacle and a valve drive assembly including a shape memory alloy actuator including a pair of shape memory alloy wires and a flow cell disposable within the flow cell receptacle and having a membrane valve. The system actuates the membrane valve, via the shape memory alloy actuator, by causing a voltage to be applied to a first one of the shape memory alloy wires and the system not applying the voltage to a second one of the shape memory alloy wires.

Actuation systems and methods are disclosed. An apparatus includes a system including a flow cell receptacle and a valve drive assembly including a shape memory alloy actuator including a pair of shape memory alloy wires and a flow cell disposable within the flow cell receptacle and having a membrane valve. The system actuates the membrane valve, via the shape memory alloy actuator, by causing a voltage to be applied to a first one of the shape memory alloy wires and the system not applying the voltage to a second one of the shape memory alloy wires.

Actuation systems and methods are disclosed. An apparatus includes a system including a flow cell receptacle and a valve drive assembly including a shape memory alloy actuator including a pair of shape memory alloy wires and a flow cell disposable within the flow cell receptacle and having a membrane valve. The system actuates the membrane valve, via the shape memory alloy actuator, by causing a voltage to be applied to a first one of the shape memory alloy wires and the system not applying the voltage to a second one of the shape memory alloy wires.

Systems and methods described herein relate to improving an actuator for a support system of a seat. In one embodiment, an actuator includes a body that is bi-stable with a coiled state and an uncoiled state. The actuator also includes a strip, coupled to the body, that coils the body according to heat caused by a power source. The actuator also includes a wire coupled to a side of the body opposite from the strip and the wire uncoils the body in response to heating caused by the power source.

In a soft actuator having a cooler, a wearable robot having the soft actuator, a massage device having the soft actuator, and a method for controlling the soft actuator, the soft actuator includes a heat reaction member, a cooling part and a controller. The heat reaction member is configured to be contracted or relaxed according to a temperature change. The cooling part includes a cooling surface disposed at the heat reaction member, and a heating surface disposed opposite to the cooling surface. The controller is configured to control a power supply part so that a power is blocked to be supplied to the heat reaction member and the power is supplied to the cooling part, when the heat reaction member is changed to be a relaxation state.

Systems and methods described herein relate to improving an actuator for a support system of a seat. In one embodiment, an actuator includes a body that is bi-stable with a coiled state and an uncoiled state. The actuator also includes a strip, coupled to the body, that coils the body according to heat caused by a power source. The actuator also includes a wire coupled to a side of the body opposite from the strip and the wire uncoils the body in response to heating caused by the power source.

A circuit arrangement to control at least one valve includes at least one actuator with at least one positioning element adjustable between at least one first position and a second position. At least one driver unit activates the actuator and a control unit operates the driver unit. At least one air mass measuring device measures an air mass flowing through the valve. The control unit processes an output signal of the air mass measuring device. Valves, valve arrangements, seat comfort systems, and methods all use such circuit arrangements.