A terminal is to be connected to a mating terminal having a flat surface portion. The terminal includes a conductive main body having an abutment surface, an annular terminal spring, the annular terminal spring being held on the abutment surface and a fastener holding the annular terminal spring on the abutment surface. The fastener includes a main body shaft being inserted into a central space of the annular terminal spring, a first end of the main body shaft being fixed to the conductive main body, and a plurality of arm portions extending outward in a radial direction of the fastener from a second end of the main body shaft, the second end being opposite to the first end, the plurality of arm portions being configured to hold the annular terminal spring at a contacting portion of the annular terminal spring, the contacting portion contacting the abutment surface.

A spring system that includes an adjustable spring system that is operated by a motor.

A coil spring of this invention includes a first end coil part with a first bearing surface facing to the first side in the axial direction, a second end coil part with a second bearing surface facing to the second side in the axial direction and a central coil part connecting the first and second end coil parts. A displacement length in the axial direction from the outer end portion until the inner end portion of the first end coil part is a thickness of a spring wire forming the coil spring so that a space between the outer end portion of the first end coil part and an inner end portion of the central coil part is zero, and a displacement length in the axial direction between the outer end portion of the first end coil part and a point away along the circumferential direction from the outer end portion toward the inner end portion of the first end coil part by a half of turn around the axial line is less than a half of the thickness of the spring wire.

Wave springs having multiple variable turns, methods of pre-loading components with said wave springs, and methods of manufacturing said wave springs are provided. The wave spring has a total height defined by a first end portion and a second opposite end portion and an intermediate portion disposed between the first and second end portions. The intermediate portion has active turns with waved or non-planar turns and non-active turns with planar or non-waved turns. The wave spring also has a first alignment disposed between the first and second end portions, wherein first alignment comprises at least two waved or non-planar turns being aligned with each other.

A squeeze mode giant electrorheological fluid damper is disclosed. The squeeze mode giant electrorheological fluid damper comprises a support, a container and a connecting structure, wherein the support comprises a bottom plate, guide shafts and a top plate, the guide shaft is vertically fixed on the bottom plate, and the top plate is slidably arranged on the guide shaft; the container comprises a container body and two spiral spring pieces coaxially arranged in the container body, the container body is fixed on the bottom plate, the bottoms of the two spiral spring pieces are fixed to the bottom of the container, the two spiral spring pieces are not in contact with each other and are spaced by 180°; the top of the connecting structure is fixedly connected with the top plate, and the bottom of the connecting structure is fixedly connected with the tops of the two spiral spring pieces.

An air intake device includes: an air intake valve provided so as to change intake air by rotation of a rotation shaft; an actuator which is a driving source for rotating and driving the rotation shaft of the air intake valve; a first link member rotatable by a predetermined operation angle about the rotation shaft; a second link member rotatably connected to the first link member; a connection member which connects the first link member and the second link member so as to be rotatable to each other; and a biasing member whose one side end is engaged to the first link member and whose other side end is engaged to the second link member or the connection member to bias the first link member and the second link member or the connection member so that rattling between the first link member and the second link member is suppressed.

A horizontal linear vibration motor for securing the straightness of a coil spring and preventing a driving unit, such as a mass body, from axially rotating around the axis of a shaft within a housing due to the rotational property of the coil spring by providing a coil and a magnet for generating a force that enables the reciprocating motion of the driving unit including the mass body and an anti-rotation member provided in the driving unit to slide and come into contact with the housing.

A coil spring manufacturing device includes a mandrel around which a wire is wound, a feed mechanism which feeds the wire toward the mandrel, guide members which guide the wire, a chuck which fixes a distal end of the wire, and a clamp mechanism. The clamp mechanism sandwiches the wire from both sides before the distal end of the wire reaches the mandrel. Further, the clamp mechanism can be rotated about a fulcrum by rotation actuator, and can also be slid in a direction along an axis of the mandrel by sliding actuator. In a state in which the wire is sandwiched by the clamp mechanism, the clamp mechanism is rotated, and if necessary, is slid. Thereby, a bent portion for a negative pitch portion of a coil spring is formed at a part of the wire.

A coil spring manufacturing device includes a mandrel around which a wire is wound, a feed mechanism which feeds the wire toward the mandrel, guide members which guide the wire, a chuck which fixes a distal end of the wire, and a clamp mechanism. The clamp mechanism sandwiches the wire from both sides before the distal end of the wire reaches the mandrel. Further, the clamp mechanism can be rotated about a fulcrum by rotation actuator, and can also be slid in a direction along an axis of the mandrel by sliding actuator. In a state in which the wire is sandwiched by the clamp mechanism, the clamp mechanism is rotated, and if necessary, is slid. Thereby, a bent portion for a negative pitch portion of a coil spring is formed at a part of the wire.

A coil spring modeling apparatus includes a first attachment member disposed on a lower spring seat, a second attachment member disposed on an upper spring seat, an actuator unit formed of a Stewart-platform-type parallel mechanism, a hydraulic pressure supply device, a torsion detection mechanism, and a controller. The torsion detection mechanism is constituted of displacement gauges such as a linear variable differential transformer. The displacement gauges are provided on hydraulic cylinders, and detect amounts of displacement relative to the reference lengths of the hydraulic cylinders, respectively. The controller calculates a relative torsional angle between the first attachment member and the second attachment member based on the detected displacement.