A solar light shade includes a housing having an annular sidewall, wherein the annular sidewall includes an upper end opposite a lower end. A lip extends radially inwardly from the upper end towards a longitudinal axis of the housing defining an opening through the upper end. A diameter of the opening is less than a diameter of the lower end. The housing removably secures over a solar light fixture, such that a solar panel of the solar light fixture is exposed by the opening. The housing is a translucent material designed to filter light therethrough, such that light emitted from the solar light fixture is altered to a different color or intensity.

A method and apparatus to manipulate a perceived target material color by varying compositions of illumination with static perceived chromaticity is disclosed. An illumination source is configured to emit light at a first set of wavelengths with a first set of amplitudes to illuminate the target material. An observer perceives the emitted light to be at a predetermined chromaticity, and perceives light reflected from the illuminated target material to be at a first chromaticity. A control device switches the illumination source to emit light at a second plurality of wavelengths at a second plurality of amplitudes, which is perceived to the observer to be of the same predetermined chromaticity as before, while the light reflected from the illuminated target material is perceived to be of a different chromaticity.

A method and apparatus to manipulate a perceived target material color by varying compositions of illumination with static perceived chromaticity is disclosed. An illumination source is configured to emit light at a first set of wavelengths with a first set of amplitudes to illuminate the target material. An observer perceives the emitted light to be at a predetermined chromaticity, and perceives light reflected from the illuminated target material to be at a first chromaticity. A control device switches the illumination source to emit light at a second plurality of wavelengths at a second plurality of amplitudes, which is perceived to the observer to be of the same predetermined chromaticity as before, while the light reflected from the illuminated target material is perceived to be of a different chromaticity.

A lighting device including: a light guide, a reflecting sheet and a first prism sheet, in which a first white LED, a second white LED and a third white LED are disposed in a same interval on a first side surface and on a second side surface, which opposes to the first side surface, a first prism array extending in a first direction and arranged in a second direction is formed on the major surface, a second prism array extending in a second direction and arranged in a first direction is formed on the back surface, the reflecting sheet is disposed under the back surface of the light guide, the first prism sheet is disposed on the major surface of the light guide, and a third prism array, extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction is formed on the back surface of the first prism sheet.

A lens component radiates light from a light source. The lens component includes a light guiding radiation portion. The light guiding radiation portion includes a light incidence portion having an incidence surface on which the light from the light source is made incident, and a plurality of radiation mechanisms that respectively radiate to a plurality of radiation angle ranges. The incidence surface includes a close side incidence region and a distant side incidence region. The radiation angle ranges include a close side radiation angle range and a distant side radiation angle range. The light incident on the close side incidence region is radiated to the distant side radiation angle range via a corresponding distant side radiation mechanism. The light incident on the distant side incidence region is radiated to the close side radiation angle range via a corresponding close side radiation mechanism.

A lens component radiates light from a light source. The lens component includes a light guiding radiation portion. The light guiding radiation portion includes a light incidence portion having an incidence surface on which the light from the light source is made incident, and a plurality of radiation mechanisms that respectively radiate to a plurality of radiation angle ranges. The incidence surface includes a close side incidence region and a distant side incidence region. The radiation angle ranges include a close side radiation angle range and a distant side radiation angle range. The light incident on the close side incidence region is radiated to the distant side radiation angle range via a corresponding distant side radiation mechanism. The light incident on the distant side incidence region is radiated to the close side radiation angle range via a corresponding close side radiation mechanism.

A lighting source and an endoscope are provided, and the lighting source is used for the endoscope. The lighting source includes a light-emitting diode (LED) chip and a substrate; the LED chip is arranged on and fixedly connected to the substrate, and is packaged into the lighting source; and the lighting source is circular ring-shaped or arc-shaped. The endoscope includes an endoscope tube; an objective lens, located at one end of the endoscope and at least partially located inside the endoscope tube; and the lighting source.

A lighting source and an endoscope are provided, and the lighting source is used for the endoscope. The lighting source includes a light-emitting diode (LED) chip and a substrate; the LED chip is arranged on and fixedly connected to the substrate, and is packaged into the lighting source; and the lighting source is circular ring-shaped or arc-shaped. The endoscope includes an endoscope tube; an objective lens, located at one end of the endoscope and at least partially located inside the endoscope tube; and the lighting source.

A fluorescent plate including a fluorescent phase which emits fluorescence by excitation light, and a plurality of voids, wherein, in a cross section of the fluorescent plate including cross sections of the voids, voids having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.4 micrometers or greater and 50 micrometers or smaller have a standard deviation in equivalent circle diameter of 1.5 or less.

A fluorescent plate including a fluorescent phase which emits fluorescence by excitation light, and a plurality of voids, wherein, in a cross section of the fluorescent plate including cross sections of the voids, voids having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.4 micrometers or greater and 50 micrometers or smaller have a standard deviation in equivalent circle diameter of 1.5 or less.