A hand held steamer having a housing with an opening for injecting steam into an interior of the housing. A core is positioned in the interior of the housing. The core has holes for receiving the steam into an interior of the core. Spacers center the core within the interior of the housing, thereby forming a chamber in the interior of the housing around an exterior of the core. A device in need of sanitization can be placed in the interior of the core. A source of dry vapor steam is attached to the opening in the housing and the steam is injected into the interior of the housing, around the exterior of the core, and into the interior of the core. The steam sanitizes the surface of the device without damaging the rest of the device, as a result of uniform distribution of steam around the device.

A pump uses the steam hammer effect to pump water from a reservoir into a control volume. Steam is injected into a water conduit extending between a liquid water reservoir and the control volume forms a liquid steam interface. Steam within the conduit condenses on the interface creating a region of partial vacuum. Water accelerates into the region of partial vacuum and is vented into the control volume, flow being controlled by a valve.

A pump uses the steam hammer effect to pump water from a reservoir into a control volume. Steam is injected into a water conduit extending between a liquid water reservoir and the control volume forms a liquid steam interface. Steam within the conduit condenses on the interface creating a region of partial vacuum. Water accelerates into the region of partial vacuum and is vented into the control volume, flow being controlled by a valve.

The method includes: (A) directing a feed water in the liquid phase of an instant expansion tank; (B) in the instant expansion tank, heating the feed water by mixing with the recycled stream from step (E); (C) compressing again at a high pressure the liquid fraction in the instant expansion tank and sending the liquid fraction to the inlet of a heat exchanger or group of heat exchangers connected in series; (D) heating the non-expanded fraction in the heat exchanger(s) while maintaining the non-expanded fraction in the liquid state; (E) recycling the stream from step (D) in the instant expansion tank; (F) in the instant expansion tank, expanding the fraction from step (E) and generating by instant expansion a stream of the searched steam containing the mineral materials of the feed water remaining in solution; and (G) separating the solid particles formed as a blowdown containing water and the particles.

The method includes: (A) directing a feed water in the liquid phase of an instant expansion tank; (B) in the instant expansion tank, heating the feed water by mixing with the recycled stream from step (E); (C) compressing again at a high pressure the liquid fraction in the instant expansion tank and sending the liquid fraction to the inlet of a heat exchanger or group of heat exchangers connected in series; (D) heating the non-expanded fraction in the heat exchanger(s) while maintaining the non-expanded fraction in the liquid state; (E) recycling the stream from step (D) in the instant expansion tank; (F) in the instant expansion tank, expanding the fraction from step (E) and generating by instant expansion a stream of the searched steam containing the mineral materials of the feed water remaining in solution; and (G) separating the solid particles formed as a blowdown containing water and the particles.

An oil recovery process entails recovering an oil-water mixture from an oil bearing formation and separating the oil-water mixture to produce an oil product and produced water. The produced water includes suspended and dissolved solids and is subjected to treatment which removes suspended and dissolved solids therefrom. The treated water is then directed to a forced circulation steam generator that includes a furnace having a burner, water cooled walls and an evaporator unit. The treated water is pumped through the water cooled walls and the evaporator unit. The water passing through the water cooled walls and evaporator unit are heated to produce approximately 10% to approximately 30% quality steam in both the water cooled walls and the evaporator unit. The steam is collected and separated from a water-steam mixture to produce high quality steam, on the order of 95% or greater quality steam. This steam constitutes injection steam which is injected into an injection well to facilitate the recovery of the oil-water mixture.

An oil recovery process entails recovering an oil-water mixture from an oil bearing formation and separating the oil-water mixture to produce an oil product and produced water. The produced water includes suspended and dissolved solids and is subjected to treatment which removes suspended and dissolved solids therefrom. The treated water is then directed to a forced circulation steam generator that includes a furnace having a burner, water cooled walls and an evaporator unit. The treated water is pumped through the water cooled walls and the evaporator unit. The water passing through the water cooled walls and evaporator unit are heated to produce approximately 10% to approximately 30% quality steam in both the water cooled walls and the evaporator unit. The steam is collected and separated from a water-steam mixture to produce high quality steam, on the order of 95% or greater quality steam. This steam constitutes injection steam which is injected into an injection well to facilitate the recovery of the oil-water mixture.

A pump uses the steam hammer effect to pump water from a reservoir into a control volume. Steam is injected into a water conduit extending between a liquid water reservoir and the control volume forms a liquid steam interface. Steam within the conduit condenses on the interface creating a region of partial vacuum. Water accelerates into the region of partial vacuum and is vented into the control volume, flow being controlled by a valve.

A pump uses the steam hammer effect to pump water from a reservoir into a control volume. Steam is injected into a water conduit extending between a liquid water reservoir and the control volume forms a liquid steam interface. Steam within the conduit condenses on the interface creating a region of partial vacuum. Water accelerates into the region of partial vacuum and is vented into the control volume, flow being controlled by a valve.

A fluid recirculation system includes an arrangement of a flow control valve located to receive a flow of fluid from an inlet. The system further comprises an economizer inlet mixing device located to receive the flow of hotter fluid from the arrangement of the flow control valve and from a cooler feedwater stream. An economizer inlet mixing device located upstream of an economizer in a supercritical pressure boiler includes a sparger assembly through which a flow of fluid from the waterwall outlet is received, an inlet through which a flow of fluid from a feed stream is received, and a wave breaker assembly through which an outlet stream from the economizer inlet mixing device is directed.