A burner comprises a central passageway and outlets for fuel and for stabilizing oxidant arranged peripherally around the central passageway, and comprises outlets within the burner through which biasing gas, such as gas comprising oxygen, can be injected to enable control of the direction of the flame that is generated by combustion of the fuel and the oxidant at the face of the burner.

An outer peripheral edge part of the air-fuel mixture permeable member is connected to a portion away outward by a predetermined distance from an inner peripheral edge of the burner frame. Between the burner frame and the air-fuel mixture permeable member a clearance reaching the inner peripheral edge of the burner frame is secured at a position inward of the outer peripheral part of the air-fuel mixture permeable member. Preferably, a bent edge part formed on an inner peripheral edge of the burner frame, in a manner to be bent toward the air-fuel mixture permeable member. The amount of the air-fuel mixture to flow into the clearance is limited to a smaller amount.

A combustion system supports a swirl-stabilized preheating flame with a preheating fuel and an oxidant. The combustion system preheats a perforated flame holder with the preheating flame. After the perforated flame holder has been preheated to the threshold temperature, the combustion system outputs a primary fuel. The perforated flame holder receives a mixture of the primary fuel and the oxidant supports a combustion reaction of the primary fuel and the oxidant.

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A vented module includes a housing portion having a drainage side and a drainage port within the drainage side. The module further includes a flame arrestor including a first surface having a fluid inlet, a second surface having at least one fluid outlet, a labyrinth channel extending from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, and at least one mesh screen disposed within the labyrinth channel. The flame arrestor is attached to the housing portion such that the drainage port is aligned with the fluid inlet.

A vented module includes a housing portion having a drainage side and a drainage port within the drainage side. The module further includes a flame arrestor including a first surface having a fluid inlet, a second surface having at least one fluid outlet, a labyrinth channel extending from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, and at least one mesh screen disposed within the labyrinth channel. The flame arrestor is attached to the housing portion such that the drainage port is aligned with the fluid inlet.

A flame port unit structure of a combustion apparatus provided with a plurality of flame ports for forming a flame comprises: a lean flame port unit, as a flame port for jetting lean gas, including a plurality of lean flame ports arranged along a width direction which is perpendicular to the jetting direction of the lean gas; and a rich flame port unit, as a flame port for jetting rich gas, including a pair of rich flame ports provided on both sides of the lean flame port unit with respect to a width direction, wherein the lean flame port unit comprises a first region in which a gap along the width direction of the lean flame port is formed along a longitudinal direction which is perpendicular to the jetting direction and the width direction, and a second region, provided on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the first region.

A flame port unit structure of a combustion apparatus provided with a plurality of flame ports for forming a flame comprises: a lean flame port unit, as a flame port for jetting lean gas, including a plurality of lean flame ports arranged along a width direction which is perpendicular to the jetting direction of the lean gas; and a rich flame port unit, as a flame port for jetting rich gas, including a pair of rich flame ports provided on both sides of the lean flame port unit with respect to a width direction, wherein the lean flame port unit comprises a first region in which a gap along the width direction of the lean flame port is formed along a longitudinal direction which is perpendicular to the jetting direction and the width direction, and a second region, provided on both sides along the longitudinal direction of the first region.

A burner includes a porous flame holder configured to support a combustion reaction to achieve a very low output of oxides of nitrogen (NOx).