A combustion tube assembly of a water heater includes a combustion tube having an open end, a closed end, and an outflow opening located between the open end and the closed end. A cavity of the combustion tube provides a chamber for a combustion of a water heater fuel that produces an exhaust gas that flows down toward the closed end. The combustion tube assembly further includes a diverter structure positioned inside the combustion tube to divert the exhaust gas such that the exhaust gas flows toward the closed end on a first side of the diverter structure and flows from the first side of the diverter structure to the second side of the diverter structure through a flow opening proximal to the closed end. The outflow opening provides an outlet for the exhaust gas that flows to the second side of the diverter structure to exit the combustion tube.

In this combustion burner and boiler, interference of ignition in a flame stabilizer is suppressed and flame stabilizing performance is improved by providing: a fuel nozzle which ejects a fuel gas that is a mixture of pulverized coal and air; a combustion air nozzle which ejects a fuel gas combustion air from outside of the fuel nozzle; a secondary air nozzle which ejects secondary air from the outside of the combustion air nozzle; and a flame stabilizer which comprises a first flame stabilizer main body which is arranged at the leading end of the fuel nozzle and separated by a prescribed space from the inner wall surface of the fuel nozzle and which forms a ring shape having as the center an axial line along the ejection direction of the fuel gas.

A combustion system is capable of using a petroleum pitch fuel, and is provided with a burner having a fuel supply pipe where a flame stabilizing plate is formed in a tip end of the same, and a high temperature maintaining unit for maintaining an atmosphere temperature at a vicinity of the flame stabilizing plate during operation higher than a softening point of the petroleum pitch fuel. Thus, even when the petroleum pitch is used as fuel, the burner does not become unusable due to adhesion/solidification of the petroleum pitch inside the burner and combustion operation can be continued for a long time.

A flow momentum enhancing device having an airfoil shape is used in a new or refurbished burner to increase the momentum of the burner combustion air stream and create a reduced pressure region which pulls inert products of combustion into the combustion process. The inert products of combustion mix with the burner air and/or fuel streams to lower the peak flame temperature of the burner and provide reduced NO.sub.x production.

A premix burner made up of an air inlet tube of length L and a single specific gas injection, the gas injection includes an upstream gas injector, a mixer, a downstream gas injection situated at a distance L3 from an upstream end of the air inlet tube and a stabilizing element, where the gas injection constitutes a one-piece mechanical assembly that ensures a self-stable elementary flame.

A fuel injection system for a gas turbine engine comprises; a pilot fuel injector section and a main airblast fuel injector section, the main airblast fuel injector section having an aft end facing a combustion chamber. A surface of the injection system exposed to air flow through an injection system is non-axisymmetric or non-planar in a reference circumferential plane and/or is configured to generate controlled and varying acoustic impedance at or adjacent the aft end where, in use, the air flow collides with an oncoming acoustic wave.

Gas fired radiant emitter having a premixing chamber for preparing a premix of gas and air; a perforated ceramic plate acting as burner deck; and a pilot burner having a premix gas supply flow tube and two electrodes. The premix gas supply flow tube of the pilot burner extends from the side of the perforated ceramic plate where the premixing chamber is located, into a through hole in the perforated ceramic plate. The premix gas supply flow tube has a gas exit in the through hole in the perforated ceramic plate or at the combustion side of the perforated ceramic plate. The gas fired radiant emitter has features so that in an area of the perforated ceramic plate around where the premix gas supply flow tube extends into a through hole in the perforated ceramic plate, no premix gas flows through the perforated ceramic plate.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to burners. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a burner body, an inlet to the burner body, a divider disposed in the burner body, and a burner plate. The inlet is operable for delivery of a fuel/air mixture to the burner body. The divider forms a first section and a second section in the burner body. The divider defines a plurality of interior ports between the first section and the second section. The burner plate defines a combustion surface for the fuel/air mixture. The burner plate forms a surface of the burner body and in part defines the second section. The burner plate defines a plurality of primary ports. The burner plate further defines a plurality of secondary ports surrounding each primary port of the plurality of primary ports.

In this combustion burner and boiler, interference of ignition in a flame stabilizer is suppressed and flame stabilizing performance is improved by providing: a fuel nozzle which ejects a fuel gas that is a mixture of pulverized coal and air; a combustion air nozzle which ejects a fuel gas combustion air from outside of the fuel nozzle; a secondary air nozzle which ejects secondary air from the outside of the combustion air nozzle; and a flame stabilizer which comprises a first flame stabilizer main body which is arranged at the leading end of the fuel nozzle and separated by a prescribed space from the inner wall surface of the fuel nozzle and which forms a ring shape having as the center an axial line along the ejection direction of the fuel gas.

Systems and methods are disclosed that include providing a cooking system that comprises a burner assembly and a heat exchanger submerged in a vessel. The burner assembly includes a high velocity burner and a low velocity burner, the high velocity burner configured to provide the necessary high velocity, volumetric flowrate through a fluid duct of the heat exchanger that includes a plurality of compactly-arranged, alternatingly-disposed vertical and horizontal tubes passing through the fluid duct, and the low velocity burner configured to significantly reduce and/or substantially eliminate lift off that could result from operation of only the high velocity burner. The heat exchanger is submerged in the vessel with the tubes of the heat exchanger open to the vessel to allow ingress and egress of a fluid contained within the vessel.