A three-pipe multi-split hot water system, including: an outdoor unit, the outdoor unit including a compressor, an oil separator, a first switching apparatus, a second switching apparatus, a fin heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a compressor heat dissipation module, a plate heat exchanger, a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a third electronic expansion valve, and a gas-liquid separator; at least two indoor units, any one of the indoor units including an indoor unit heat exchanger, a fourth electronic expansion valve, and an indoor unit fan; and a hydraulic module, the hydraulic module including a refrigerant-water heat exchanger, a water pump, a water temperature detection sensor, a water flow switch, a solenoid valve, and a fifth electronic expansion valve, where the outdoor unit is connected to any one of the indoor units and to the hydraulic module by a gas pipe and a liquid pipe.

A three-pipe multi-split hot water system, including: an outdoor unit, the outdoor unit including a compressor, an oil separator, a first switching apparatus, a second switching apparatus, a fin heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger, a compressor heat dissipation module, a plate heat exchanger, a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a third electronic expansion valve, and a gas-liquid separator; at least two indoor units, any one of the indoor units including an indoor unit heat exchanger, a fourth electronic expansion valve, and an indoor unit fan; and a hydraulic module, the hydraulic module including a refrigerant-water heat exchanger, a water pump, a water temperature detection sensor, a water flow switch, a solenoid valve, and a fifth electronic expansion valve, where the outdoor unit is connected to any one of the indoor units and to the hydraulic module by a gas pipe and a liquid pipe.

Provide is a refrigerator provided with a defrosting device capable of enhancing the defrosting efficiency. The refrigerator includes main body, storage compartment provided inside the main body, an evaporator provided in the storage compartment and configured to generate cold air, a first flow path allowing air to be guided in a first direction for the air to be supplied to the storage compartment during a cooling operation, a defrosting heater configured to generate heat for defrost, a second flow path allowing air to be guided in a second direction opposite to the first direction for the air to be circulated around the evaporator during a defrosting operation, a fan allowing air having received heat from the defrosting heater to be circuited around the evaporator through the second flow path, and a flow path resistance portion provided on the second flow path to increase a flow path resistance in the first direction.

A heat exchanger module includes a skin condenser and a skin evaporator. The skin condenser includes an inner condenser plate, an outer condenser plate coupled to the inner condenser plate and a condenser tube channel formed on one of the inner condenser plate and/or the outer condenser plate. The evaporator includes an inner evaporator plate, an outer evaporator plate coupled to the inner evaporator plate, and an evaporator tube channel formed on one of the inner evaporator plate and/or the outer evaporator plate. The heat exchanger also includes an insulation layer extending between the inner condenser plate and the inner evaporator plate. Each of the plates that form the skin condenser and/or evaporator can be formed from different materials and/or have different material thicknesses to reduce heat transfer through the insulation layer from the condenser to the evaporator while also promoting heat transfer through natural convection with surrounding air.

A heat exchanger module includes a skin condenser and a skin evaporator. The skin condenser includes an inner condenser plate, an outer condenser plate coupled to the inner condenser plate and a condenser tube channel formed on one of the inner condenser plate and/or the outer condenser plate. The evaporator includes an inner evaporator plate, an outer evaporator plate coupled to the inner evaporator plate, and an evaporator tube channel formed on one of the inner evaporator plate and/or the outer evaporator plate. The heat exchanger also includes an insulation layer extending between the inner condenser plate and the inner evaporator plate. Each of the plates that form the skin condenser and/or evaporator can be formed from different materials and/or have different material thicknesses to reduce heat transfer through the insulation layer from the condenser to the evaporator while also promoting heat transfer through natural convection with surrounding air.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of heat pumps, in particular to an air source CO.sub.2 heat pump system for preventing an evaporator from frosting by using heat of a heat regenerator. The air source CO.sub.2 heat pump system mainly includes an air source heat pump system, a regenerative heat exchange tank and a cooling pump. Through the regenerative heat exchange tank, on the one hand, the temperature drop of regenerative heat of the system is further increased and throttling loss is reduced; on the other hand, the heat generated by the regenerative temperature drop is configured for heat storage used for defrosting, and configured for overheating temperature rise.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of heat pumps, in particular to an air source CO.sub.2 heat pump system for preventing an evaporator from frosting by using heat of a heat regenerator. The air source CO.sub.2 heat pump system mainly includes an air source heat pump system, a regenerative heat exchange tank and a cooling pump. Through the regenerative heat exchange tank, on the one hand, the temperature drop of regenerative heat of the system is further increased and throttling loss is reduced; on the other hand, the heat generated by the regenerative temperature drop is configured for heat storage used for defrosting, and configured for overheating temperature rise.

Disclosed therein are a heat pump system for a vehicle and a method of controlling the heat pump system, which determines that frosting begins on an exterior heat exchanger and carries out a defrosting control if a difference value between outdoor temperature and refrigerant temperature of an outlet side of the exterior heat exchanger is above a frosting decision temperature in a heat pump mode, thereby increasing frost-prevention and defrosting effects and enhancing heating performance and stability of the system because the system recognizes the beginning of frosting on the exterior heat exchanger at a proper time so as to carry out the defrosting control.

Disclosed therein are a heat pump system for a vehicle and a method of controlling the heat pump system, which determines that frosting begins on an exterior heat exchanger and carries out a defrosting control if a difference value between outdoor temperature and refrigerant temperature of an outlet side of the exterior heat exchanger is above a frosting decision temperature in a heat pump mode, thereby increasing frost-prevention and defrosting effects and enhancing heating performance and stability of the system because the system recognizes the beginning of frosting on the exterior heat exchanger at a proper time so as to carry out the defrosting control.

An air-cooled and ventilated heat exchanger includes a fin and a plurality of heat transfer tubes. The fin has a plate-shaped part and a plurality of protruding parts. The plate-shaped part is positioned so that a plate-thickness direction intersects an air-flow direction generated by ventilation, and the protruding parts protrude from the plate-shaped part in the plate-thickness direction. The heat-transfer tubes are-inserted into the fin so as to intersect the air-flow direction. The protruding parts have a first protruding part and a second protruding part. An inclination angle of the first protruding part with respect to the plate-shaped part is a first angle, an inclination angle of the second protruding part with respect to the plate-shaped part is a second angle, and the second angle is different from the first angle. The second protruding part is placed adjacent to the first protruding part.