High temperature furnaces, calcining, pyrolysis and other high temperature manufacturing processes, composition rearrangements, and equipment. Systems, equipment and processes using oxyfuel combustion using gaseous fuels for cement manufacture. Reactor furnaces using oxyfuel containing natural gas and gravity feed to process pellets forming a pellet bed into cement.

Process for calcining mineral rock in a regenerative parallel-flow vertical shaft furnace, containing at least two shafts (1, 2) interconnected by a gas transfer channel (3), each shaft operating alternately in firing mode and in preheating mode, the firing mode comprising a combustion of fuel in the presence of air so as to obtain a firing of the rock to give calcined rock, an emission of combustion gases, and a passage of these gases from one shaft to the other by means of said channel (3), the preheating mode comprising a heat exchange between said rock and said combustion gases from said channel (3), this process additionally comprising an injection of supplementary air into said channel (3) with oxidation of unburnt products contained in the combustion gases passing through this channel.

Process for calcining mineral rock in a regenerative parallel-flow vertical shaft furnace, containing at least two shafts (1, 2) interconnected by a gas transfer channel (3), each shaft operating alternately in firing mode and in preheating mode, the firing mode comprising a combustion of fuel in the presence of air so as to obtain a firing of the rock to give calcined rock, an emission of combustion gases, and a passage of these gases from one shaft to the other by means of said channel (3), the preheating mode comprising a heat exchange between said rock and said combustion gases from said channel (3), this process additionally comprising an injection of supplementary air into said channel (3) with oxidation of unburnt products contained in the combustion gases passing through this channel.

A method of operating a plant having a furnace including at least two vertical shafts connected by an overflow duct, wherein at least one burner is arranged above the overflow duct in each case such that the burner gases therefrom flow downward in burning operation of the respective shaft. A cooling gas supply is provided beneath the overflow duct in each case such that, in combination with the operation of a burner in the burner-operated shaft, the burner gas flowing downward is deflected in the direction of the overflow duct by the cooling gas ascending in the burner-operated shaft, and a supply of cooling gas is adjusted such that the temperature of the burner charge through which the burner gas flows at least in the burner-operated shaft is kept above the deacidification temperature thereof.

A method of operating a plant having a furnace including at least two vertical shafts connected by an overflow duct, wherein at least one burner is arranged above the overflow duct in each case such that the burner gases therefrom flow downward in burning operation of the respective shaft. A cooling gas supply is provided beneath the overflow duct in each case such that, in combination with the operation of a burner in the burner-operated shaft, the burner gas flowing downward is deflected in the direction of the overflow duct by the cooling gas ascending in the burner-operated shaft, and a supply of cooling gas is adjusted such that the temperature of the burner charge through which the burner gas flows at least in the burner-operated shaft is kept above the deacidification temperature thereof.

A furnace may include at least two vertical shafts, each of which may have at an upper end thereof an inlet for material to be burnt and at a lower end thereof a burnt material outlet. The inlet and the outlet may be connected by a transfer channel. In each case, at least one main burner may be positioned above the transfer channel, and a cooling gas inlet may be positioned below the transfer channel. At least one additional burner may be positioned below the transfer channel in each of the shafts. Such a furnace can be operated such that the material to be burnt in the currently fired shaft is at least partially calcined in a main burning zone above the transfer channel, and then thermally aftertreated in an additional burning zone positioned between the transfer channel and the additional burner.

The controller receives information including a plurality of evaluation indexes, a weight of each evaluation index, the number of times for calculating a value of an evaluation function, and initial parameter values, and performs a simulation based on the received information. Then, the controller calculates a value of an evaluation function based on a result of the simulation, and determines whether the calculated value of the evaluation function is minimum, to update parameters when it is determined that the value of the evaluation function is minimum. In the calculation of a value of the evaluation function, a value of the evaluation function is calculated again based on the number of times for calculating a value of an evaluation function. The controller generates new parameters by a genetic algorithm when a value of an evaluation function is calculated again.

The controller receives information including a plurality of evaluation indexes, a weight of each evaluation index, the number of times for calculating a value of an evaluation function, and initial parameter values, and performs a simulation based on the received information. Then, the controller calculates a value of an evaluation function based on a result of the simulation, and determines whether the calculated value of the evaluation function is minimum, to update parameters when it is determined that the value of the evaluation function is minimum. In the calculation of a value of the evaluation function, a value of the evaluation function is calculated again based on the number of times for calculating a value of an evaluation function. The controller generates new parameters by a genetic algorithm when a value of an evaluation function is calculated again.

A multi-chamber melting furnace for melting scrap of non-ferrous metals, in particular aluminum scrap, including a first shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which impurities of the charge material can be removed, and at least one furnace chamber which is connected to the shaft of the first shaft furnace and has a first heat supply device, wherein at least one second shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which shaft impurities of the charge material can be removed, the furnace chamber being connected to the shaft of the second shaft furnace and being arranged between the shafts in such a manner that the furnace chamber forms a main melting chamber in which the molten bath is located during operation.

A multi-chamber melting furnace for melting scrap of non-ferrous metals, in particular aluminum scrap, including a first shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which impurities of the charge material can be removed, and at least one furnace chamber which is connected to the shaft of the first shaft furnace and has a first heat supply device, wherein at least one second shaft furnace with a shaft for charge material, in which shaft impurities of the charge material can be removed, the furnace chamber being connected to the shaft of the second shaft furnace and being arranged between the shafts in such a manner that the furnace chamber forms a main melting chamber in which the molten bath is located during operation.