Examples disclosed herein relate to methods and apparatus for controlling the temperature of large scale structures during manufacturing operations. A structure or surface when measured by Computer Aided Measuring Systems (CAMS) preferably remains a predetermined constant temperature with minimum variance. The manufacturing system includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a plurality of temperature regulation devices, and a processor, all in wireless communication. During performance of a CAMS process on a large scale structure or surface, a recorded temperature value of the structure or surface is communicated. A determination is made based on the recorded temperature value to operate the plurality of temperature regulation devices to control the temperature of targeted areas of the structure or surface. The temperature regulation devices are monitored and controlled such that the structure or surface is stabilized and distortion is prevented during the CAMS process.

The disclosure relates to an installation for processing and/or using process liquid, comprising at least one first installation section which comprises at least one heat exchanger for heating the process liquid. The heated process liquid can be guided directly or indirectly to a second installation section for processing and/or use. The invention is directed to the problem of providing an installation by means of which the wear and tear of comminution mechanisms, in particular for frozen, cold or tough biomass, can be reduced in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. The installation is characterized in that the second installation section comprises at least one washing, soaking and/or thawing booth device for treating biomass using the warm process liquid.

A thermal management system for transferring heat to and from a heat source. The system includes a thermal conductor thermally coupled to the heat source, a pressure dependent thermal conductance element thermally coupled to the conductor, and a heat sink thermally coupled to or thermally separable from the thermal conductance element. An actuator is configured relative to the thermal conductor, the thermal conductance element and the heat sink that controls the compression of the thermal conductance element between the thermal conductor and the heat sink so as to control the transfer of heat therebetween. The thermal conductance element can be compressible TIM element, such as a nanowire array, carbon nanotube forest, polymeric gasket, etc.

A device for the thermal regulation of a battery comprising at least one energy storage cell, said device comprising a dielectric-fluid circuit, said circuit comprising irrigating means for wetting the surface of said cell with said dielectric fluid.

Thermal recuperation methods, systems, and devices are provided. The methods, systems, and/or devices may provide for: introducing a first fluid into at least a portion of a tank containing a solid; exchanging heat between the solid contained within the tank and the first fluid as the first fluid passes at least around or through the solid; extracting the heated first fluid from at least the portion of the tank containing the solid; and/or passing the heated first fluid with respect to a heat exchanger thermally coupled with a second fluid. The heated first fluid may be cooled as it passes with respect to the heat exchanger and heat may be thermally recuperated between the solid and the second fluid.

A cooling composition including a mixture of solid particles of CO.sub.2 and liquid nitrogen, wherein the content of solid particles of CO.sub.2 is between 70 and 85% by weight and the solid particles of CO.sub.2 have a diameter of less than or equal to 50 m is provided.

A gas production line including: an inlet; an outlet; and a wet gas condenser connected between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the wet gas condenser includes: a condensing chamber; a condensing surface; and a collecting chamber, wherein, in use, water vapour in wet gas passing over the condensing surface is condensed into liquid water, the liquid water flowing along a predetermined flow path into the collecting chamber.

A heating furnace includes a plurality of heat storage coolers capable of introducing a cooling gas into an inside of the furnace and sucking an in-furnace gas; wherein each of the plurality of heat storage coolers includes a gas nozzle in communication with the inside of the furnace; a gas port in communication with an outside of the furnace and connected to a gas piping system that is capable of switching between supplying gas to the heat storage cooler and exhausting gas from the heat storage cooler; a gas passage communicating the gas nozzle with the gas port and having a space for filling a heat storage element; and a heat storage element filled in the space for filling the heat storage element.

A thermal transistor is provided. The thermal transistor includes a metallic thermal conductor, a non-metallic thermal conductor, and a thermal resistance adjusting unit. The metallic thermal conductor and the non-metallic thermal conductor are contact with each other to form a thermal interface. The thermal resistance adjusting unit is configured to generate an bias voltage U.sub.12 between the metallic thermal conductor and the non-metallic thermal conductor.

A thermal transistor is provided. The thermal transistor includes a metallic thermal conductor, a non-metallic thermal conductor, and a thermal resistance adjusting unit. The metallic thermal conductor and the non-metallic thermal conductor are contact with each other to form a thermal interface. The thermal resistance adjusting unit is configured to generate an electric field at the thermal interface.