The present subject matter at least provides an apparatus for characterization of a slab of a material. The apparatus comprises two or more frequency-domain optical-coherence tomography (FD-OCT) probes configured for irradiating the slab of material, and detecting radiation reflected from the slab of material or transmitted there-through. Further, a centralized actuation-mechanism is connected to the OCT probes for simultaneously actuating elements in each of the OCT probes to cause a synchronized detection of the radiation from the slab of material. A spectral-analysis module is provided for analyzing at least an interference pattern with respect to each of the OCT probes to thereby determine at least one of thickness and topography of the slab of the material. Further, in some embodiments, the slab of material may include a passivation layer. The apparatus may be configured to determine a thickness of the passivation layer.

A method of non-contact measurement of a thickness (d) of an object of an electrically conductive material by means of a Pulsed Eddy Current, PEC, system including a transmitter coil and a receiver coil. The method includes, after having turned off a current in the transmitter coil, at the receiver coil, measuring a voltage induced by the decaying magnetic field at a first time point, a second time point, and a third time point. The method also includes calculating a total magnetic flux which is generated by the eddy currents in the object at the first time point and picked up by the receiver coil, by comparing the measured flux at the first time point with a predetermined total flux picked up by the receiver coil when no object is present. The method also includes normalizing measured magnetic flux resulting from the eddy currents and picked up by the receiver coil, using the calculated total magnetic flux as a normalization factor such that the normalized eddy current flux is independent of a distance between the object and the transmitter and receiver coils. The method also including, based on the measurements at the first, second and third time points, determining the thickness and the resistivity of the object.

The detection unit includes a first contact member, which comes into contact with a first surface of a recording material and a second contact member, which comes into contact with a second surface of the recording material, the first contact member and the second contact member being disposed so as to oppose each other thus being capable of nipping the recording material, and the first contact member and the second contact member are movable in a direction in which the first contact member and the second contact member nip the recording material, and is rotatable about an axis line extending in a predetermined direction, the predetermined direction being orthogonal to the direction in which the first contact member and the second contact member are movable and being orthogonal to a conveyance direction of the recording material.

A method for measuring a measurement object (1), in particular for determining the position and/or distance of a measurement object (1), for example for measuring the width and/or for measuring the flatness of a measurement object (1), using a measuring system (2) movable along a linear axis (7), wherein the measuring system (2) has at least one sensor (4) and wherein means (9) are arranged to detect a position of a reference point (8) of the measuring system (2), wherein at least one measured value of the measurement object (1) is detected using the sensor (4) and wherein a measurement error of the measured value caused by an inclination of the linear axis (7) by an angle of inclination ? is determined and wherein the measured value is corrected by the measurement error.

An inspection device for contactless three-dimensional inspection of a blade for a turbomachine. The device includes at least one first pair of laser measurement modules to scan the blade and a rotational drive to rotate, about the main axis, the blade relative to the modules along the main axis of the blade. The device then rebuilds a three-dimensional virtual representation of the blade using data coming from the scan and performs a dimensional inspection using the three-dimensional representation. Each pair of modules includes a first module oriented towards a first face of the blade and a second module oriented towards a second face of the blade. The modules are oriented relative to the blade so that during rotation, the modules scan the faces of the blade on the entire rim of the blade, and during translation of the blade along the main axis, the faces are scanned throughout their height.

Non-contacting caliper measurements of free-standing sheets detect mid-IR interferometric fringes created by the reflection of light from the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet. The technique includes directing a laser beam at a selected angle of incidence onto a single spot on the exposed outer surface and scanning the laser beam through a selected wavelength range as the laser beam is directed onto the exposed outer surface and measuring the intensity of an interference pattern that forms from the superposition of radiation that is reflected from the exposed outer surface and from the inner surface. Alternatively, the intensity of an interference pattern formed from the superposition of radiation that is directly transmitted through the web and radiation that is transmitted through the web after internal reflections from the internal surfaces of the web. Thickness can be extracted from the fringe separation in the interference pattern.

Portable device for contactless measurement of a size, such as the diameter, of small and medium sized objects, such as wires, bars or tubes, even in movement, which comprises a light beam generator (1), two light beam deflector elements (2, 4) located opposite each other, a measuring region (3), an enlarging lens (5), a light beam splitting device (6). The light beam is split into two parts to form two separate images of the object (14) to be measured, being perceived by two linear image sensors (7.1, 7.2) and processed by two electronic circuits (8.1 and 8.2) and by an electronic processing component (9).

A method for detecting the fitness for circulation of a value document, includes the steps of: a) carrying out a measurement of the thickness on a tactile structure of the value document, and b) comparing the measured thickness with a previously known target thickness of the tactile structure in order to establish the fitness for circulation.

The invention concerns a system (1) for characterizing the physiological state of woody plants (2, 3) with branches grown in rows, such as vine plants, said system (1) including a vehicle (10) designed to move between said rows, a geolocation device (14) and a processing unit (15), and being characterized in that it includes a sensor (16) including a light source (17) designed to emit a light beam (18) and a light receiver (19), said light beam (18) being able to intersect the branches, as the vehicle (10) moves forward, said light beam (18) having a dimension (L) greater than the diameter (D) of the thickest of the branches in said row (6), said light beam (18) projecting, onto said light receiver (19), a shadow (20A, 20B) from which the processing nit (15) determines the diameter (D1, D2) of the branch (2A, 2B) in question.

A parallelism measurement optical system module includes a polarization beam splitter, a mirror positioned on a first surface of the polarization beam splitter, a first quarter wave plate positioned on a second surface of the polarization beam splitter that is perpendicular to the first surface, and a second quarter wave plate positioned on a third surface of the polarization beam splitter that is perpendicular to the first surface and parallel to the second surface.