An apparatus for identifying and measuring volume fraction constituents of a fluid using time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis to identify individual volume fraction constituents within a pipe on a real time basis and to measure the volume of the individual volume fraction constituents flowing through the pipe on a real time basis.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a computer-implemented method for evaluating cooling performance of an electronics system is provided. The method includes acts of dividing the electronics system into a computational grid including a plurality of fluid cells and a plurality of solid cells, determining air flow values for the plurality of fluid cells using a potential flow model analysis, determining a temperature of a fluid cell by calculating heat transfer into the fluid cell from any adjacent fluid cells and from any adjacent solid cells, determining a temperature of a solid cell by calculating heat transfer into the solid cell from any adjacent solid cells and heat transfer out of the solid cell into any adjacent fluid cells, and storing, on a storage device, the air flow values and the temperature of the fluid cell and the temperature of the solid cell.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a computer-implemented method for evaluating cooling performance of an electronics system is provided. The method includes acts of dividing the electronics system into a computational grid including a plurality of fluid cells and a plurality of solid cells, determining air flow values for the plurality of fluid cells using a potential flow model analysis, determining a temperature of a fluid cell by calculating heat transfer into the fluid cell from any adjacent fluid cells and from any adjacent solid cells, determining a temperature of a solid cell by calculating heat transfer into the solid cell from any adjacent solid cells and heat transfer out of the solid cell into any adjacent fluid cells, and storing, on a storage device, the air flow values and the temperature of the fluid cell and the temperature of the solid cell.

Catheter systems and methods for determining blood flow rates based on light reflection measurements. The catheter may include a lumen extending between a proximal end of the catheter and a distal end of the catheter. The catheter may include fluid infusion openings at the distal end region of the catheter that are configured to permit the indicator fluid to exit the catheter from the lumen. The catheter system may include an optical fiber having one or more sensors thereon for sensing light reflected by blood particles in a body vessel lumen. A blood flow rate may be determined based on the sensed light reflected by blood particles in the body vessel lumen.

The present disclosure relates to methods for determining a liquid front position of a liquid on a surface of an assay test strip placing a liquid on the surface of the test strip; and acquiring one or more signals from the surface of the test strip at one or more times, comparing the one or more acquired signals to a threshold, wherein the liquid front position is a position on the surface of the test strip where a signal is greater than or less than a threshold (e.g., fixed or dynamic threshold). Such methods may be used to determine the liquid front velocity of a liquid on a surface of an assay test strip and the transit time of a liquid sample to traverse the one or more positions on the surface of the assay test strip.

An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit that calculates the speed of the fluid by using a time point at which the intensity of the light received at the sensor changes; and an adjustment unit that is connected to the channel and configured to adjust the flow speed of the fluid based on the calculated speed of the fluid.

An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit that calculates the speed of the fluid by using a time point at which the intensity of the light received at the sensor changes; and an adjustment unit that is connected to the channel and configured to adjust the flow speed of the fluid based on the calculated speed of the fluid.

The present invention provides an immersion-type online multiphase measuring instrument and method. The instrument comprises a package tube; a viewport; LED lamps and a brightness-adjustable light source system including a power supply, a signal generator and an oscilloscope; a telecentric lens and an image sensor; a controller; a signal processing and outputting system; and a display system. The LED lamps, the telecentric lens and the image sensor are located in the package tube. The exposure period of the image sensor is less than the pulse period of the signal generator. The photographic probe used in this measuring instrument has the advantages of online quantitative measurement, small size, portability, less-impact of fluid temperature and the surrounding environment, adaptability to transparent and opaque reactors with two-phase, three-phase and more than three-phase. It can capture the high contrast images of local fluid flow in multiphase reactor. And then the local characteristics such as concentration, particle size and velocity distribution of bubble, liquid droplets or solid particles can be obtained using corresponding measuring method and professional image processing software.

A measuring rod (1) with a longitudinal axis (A) for insertion in the flow cross section of a tube and for the verification of a flowing medium in this tube having at least one first sender unit (2) for the transmission of a first acoustic or electromagnetic measuring signal (3) and at least one first receiver unit (4) for receiving the first measuring signal, wherein the first sender unit (2) and the first receiver unit (4) define a measuring section, wherein the first sender unit (2) is arranged in such a manner that the first measuring signal (3) crosses the measuring section and wherein the first receiver unit (4) is arranged in such a manner that it, at least during operation without flow, receives the first measuring signal (3) after crossing the measuring section.

A method to control an ultrasonic flowmeter, the ultrasonic flowmeter including a pipe segment; a first pair of transducers defining a first ultrasonic path; and a second pair of transducers defining a second ultrasonic path is provided. The method includes: a) transmitting a first code along the first ultrasonic path; b) simultaneously transmitting a second along the second ultrasonic path, wherein the first and second code are non-correlated; c) receiving a first ultrasonic signal by the first pair of transducers; d) receiving a second ultrasonic signal by the second pair of transducers; e) correlating the transmitted first code with the first ultrasonic signal; and f) correlating the transmitted second code with the second ultrasonic signal.