A trap bowl is provided to accumulate liquid droplets from a filter, as a liquid content. The trap bowl includes a transparent vertical prism. The transparent vertical prism includes a face that forms a vertical transparent surface facing against a content of the section. The face can provide a first angle of total reflection when content of the section is a type of gas, and a second angle of total reflection when the content of the section is the liquid content. A light source may emit a light beam incident on the face at an angle of incidence. The angle of incidence results in reflection of the light beam, striking the light receiver, when the face has the first angle of total reflection, and results in refraction of the light beam, missing the light receiver, when the face has the second angle of total reflection.

A trap bowl is provided to accumulate liquid droplets from a filter, as a liquid content. The trap bowl includes a transparent vertical prism. The transparent vertical prism includes a face that forms a vertical transparent surface facing against a content of the section. The face can provide a first angle of total reflection when content of the section is a type of gas, and a second angle of total reflection when the content of the section is the liquid content. A light source may emit a light beam incident on the face at an angle of incidence. The angle of incidence results in reflection of the light beam, striking the light receiver, when the face has the first angle of total reflection, and results in refraction of the light beam, missing the light receiver, when the face has the second angle of total reflection.

A remote sensing system and device is provided for monitoring a condition within an infrastructure network. In particular, the system and device are configured to monitor components of civil water infrastructure such as sewers, rainwater infrastructure, freshwater infrastructure, manholes, catch pits, sewers, or outlets etc. The device includes an antenna unit having an elongate hollow shaft depending therefrom, and a monitoring unit for housing electrical components including a sensor for detecting a parameter. The monitoring unit is removably mounted to the antenna unit via the shaft, and connected to a component of the infrastructure being monitored, for example manhole cover or lid. The antenna unit and monitoring unit are separate and individually water-tight structures, and the elongate hollow connection shaft makes an essentially rigid connection, while finding a passageway between antenna unit and monitoring unit.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to devices, systems and methods for measuring a volume or number of doses remaining in a drug delivery device that is used for delivering a dose to a patient. In some embodiments, a dose measurement system for measuring the liquid volume in a container includes a light guide disposed and configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation toward the container. The dose measurement system also includes a light guide disposed and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation into the light guide. A plurality of sensors are located in the apparatus that are optically coupleable to the light guide and are disposed and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least a portion of the light guide. The apparatus also includes a processing unit configured to receive data representing the portion of the detected electromagnetic radiation from each of the plurality of sensors. The processing unit is further operable to convert the received data into a signature representative of the electromagnetic radiation detected by the plurality of sensors.

A portable, self-contained beverage apparatus includes a container assembly having a known storage capacity for storing a consumable liquid, and a dispensing assembly disposed within the container assembly that dispenses variable, non-zero quantities of additives into the consumable liquid. The dispensing assembly includes multiple apertures structured and arranged to retain vessels containing the additives to be dispensed into the consumable liquid. The beverage apparatus also includes a level sensor disposed within the container assembly that determines a consumable liquid level of the consumable liquid stored in the container assembly. In certain embodiments, one or more positive displacement pumping mechanisms are configured to pump additive liquid from additive containers into a beverage chamber.

A method of detecting liquid level of printing material of a three-dimensional printer includes steps of: (a) providing a printing material tank and a sensor, (b) injecting a printing material into the printing material tank, (c) outputting, by the sensor, a first voltage signal and continuously injecting the printing material when the sensor does not detect the printing material, and (d) outputting, by the sensor, a second voltage signal and stopping injecting the printing material when the sensor detects the printing material, wherein a voltage level of the first voltage signal is greater than a voltage level of the second voltage signal.

An optical operating fluid detector for optical detection of operating fluid for a hand-guided garden, forestry and/or construction machining appliance includes a light source, an operating fluid line and a light receiver. The light source is designed for radiation of rays of light. The operating fluid line is designed for optical interaction of rays of light from the light source with operating fluid in line for the optical detection of operating fluid. The light receiver is designed for differing reception of rays of light from the line in dependence on the presence or the absence of operating fluid in the line. The operating fluid detector has an optical deflecting device. The deflecting device is designed for deflection of rays of light from the light source to the operating fluid line and/or for deflection of rays of light from the line to the light receiver. The operating fluid line is designed for differing diversion of rays of light from the light source in dependence on the presence or the absence of operating fluid in the line for optical detection of operating fluid.

Provided is a printer including an ink tank, a print head, a light source irradiating the ink tank with infrared light, a photoelectric conversion device detecting light incident from the ink tank in a period during which the light source emits light, a processing unit detecting an amount of ink based on an output of the photoelectric conversion device, and a window portion for visually recognizing ink.

Provided is a printer including an ink tank, a print head, a light source that irradiates the ink tank with light, a photoelectric conversion device that detects light incident from the ink tank, and a processing unit. The processing unit detects an amount of ink in the ink tank based on a lowest position among the positions where a light amount detected by the photoelectric conversion device satisfies a given condition.

A portable, self-contained beverage apparatus includes a container assembly having a known storage capacity for storing a consumable liquid, and a dispensing assembly disposed within the container assembly that dispenses variable, non-zero quantities of additives into the consumable liquid. The dispensing assembly includes multiple apertures structured and arranged to retain vessels containing the additives to be dispensed into the consumable liquid. The beverage apparatus also includes a level sensor disposed within the container assembly that determines a consumable liquid level of the consumable liquid stored in the container assembly. In certain embodiments, one or more positive displacement pumping mechanisms are configured to pump additive liquid from additive containers into a beverage chamber.