A hydrodynamic-type hydraulic dynamometer is provided. The hydrodynamic-type hydraulic dynamometer includes a shaft rotatably mounted by a plurality of bearings, a stator fixed around the shaft and having a toroidal chamber therein, a runner rotatably coupled to the shaft and causing a fluid introduced into the toroidal chamber to flow therethrough, an inner ring mounted to extend inwardly from a radially outer side of the toroidal chamber and having a control slit formed therethrough, and a shutter configured to adjust an opening degree of the control slit.

A device for measuring strain on the exterior of a pipe includes a body comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; one or more elastically deformable members coupled between the top portion and the bottom portion, wherein each of the one or more elastically deformable members have an outer contact surface and an inner non-contact surface. One or more sensors are disposed on the inner non-contact surface of one or more of the elastically deformable members. The sensors, during use, provide data that can be used to determine changes in strain on the exterior of the pipe. In another embodiment, one or more sensors are embedded in, or attached to, a casing disposed in a wellbore. In an embodiment, a method includes pressurizing or depressurizing the wellbore with a fluid and measuring the strain induced in the casing (or in an open wellbore) in response to this change in wellbore pressure.

A device for measuring strain on the exterior of a pipe includes a body comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; one or more elastically deformable members coupled between the top portion and the bottom portion, wherein each of the one or more elastically deformable members have an outer contact surface and an inner non-contact surface. One or more sensors are disposed on the inner non-contact surface of one or more of the elastically deformable members. The sensors, during use, provide data that can be used to determine changes in strain on the exterior of the pipe. In another embodiment, one or more sensors are embedded in, or attached to, a casing disposed in a wellbore. In an embodiment, a method includes pressurizing or depressurizing the wellbore with a fluid and measuring the strain induced in the casing (or in an open wellbore) in response to this change in wellbore pressure.

An example system comprising a pressure sensor array, a proximity sensor comprising circuitry to sense an object approaching the pressure sensor array based on a change in a resonance frequency of the proximity sensor, and a controller to receive from the proximity sensor the sensed change in the resonance frequency and designate the pressure sensor array as active responsive to the sensed resonance frequency being below a threshold or inactive responsive to the sensed resonance frequency being above the threshold, wherein a data transmission rate of the active pressure sensor array is greater than a data transmission rate of the inactive pressure sensor array.

A collision detection apparatus includes a bumper beam, an absorber, a collision detection sensor, and a bumper cover. The bumper beam extends in a vehicle width direction. The absorber is disposed adjacent to a vehicle front side of the bumper beam. The collision detection sensor includes a pressure tube extending in the vehicle width direction and held by the absorber and is configured to output a signal corresponding to a pressure change in the pressure tube. The bumper cover is disposed on a vehicle front side of the absorber. The bumper cover includes: a low rigidity part disposed at a position lower than the pressure tube; and a high rigidity part having a bending rigidity higher than a bending rigidity of the low rigidity part, disposed at a position above the low rigidity part, and having an upper end at a position higher than the pressure tube.

A collision detection apparatus includes a bumper beam, an absorber, a collision detection sensor, and a bumper cover. The bumper beam extends in a vehicle width direction. The absorber is disposed adjacent to a vehicle front side of the bumper beam. The collision detection sensor includes a pressure tube extending in the vehicle width direction and held by the absorber and is configured to output a signal corresponding to a pressure change in the pressure tube. The bumper cover is disposed on a vehicle front side of the absorber. The bumper cover includes: a low rigidity part disposed at a position lower than the pressure tube; and a high rigidity part having a bending rigidity higher than a bending rigidity of the low rigidity part, disposed at a position above the low rigidity part, and having an upper end at a position higher than the pressure tube.

A stress estimation method for a machine structure according to an embodiment is provided with a calculation step of calculating a relationship between the stress generated at the evaluation target position and a physical quantity including a sound pressure or vibration generated at a detection position different from the evaluation target position during vibration of the machine structure. The stress estimation method for a machine structure is provided with a detection step of detecting the physical quantity generated at the detection position during operation of the machine structure. The stress estimation method for a machine structure is provided with an estimation step of estimating the stress generated at the evaluation target position during operation of the machine structure on the basis of the relationship calculated in the calculation step and the physical quantity detected in the detection step.

A stress estimation method for a machine structure according to an embodiment is provided with a calculation step of calculating a relationship between the stress generated at the evaluation target position and a physical quantity including a sound pressure or vibration generated at a detection position different from the evaluation target position during vibration of the machine structure. The stress estimation method for a machine structure is provided with a detection step of detecting the physical quantity generated at the detection position during operation of the machine structure. The stress estimation method for a machine structure is provided with an estimation step of estimating the stress generated at the evaluation target position during operation of the machine structure on the basis of the relationship calculated in the calculation step and the physical quantity detected in the detection step.

A foot force acquisition apparatus includes a first connecting rod, a pressure signal acquisition board, a second connecting rod rotatably connected with the first connecting rod, and an air tube provided in the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. An end portion of the second connecting rod is fixedly provided with an elastic foot pad. An air chamber is provided in the elastic foot pad. One end of the air tube is connected with the air chamber. The other end is connected with the pressure signal acquisition board. By providing the pressure signal acquisition board and providing the air chamber in the foot, the air tube spans a joint formed by the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to acquire the internal pressure value of the air chamber, thus achieving the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high reliability.

A sensor apparatus includes a mannequin to emulate a human body part. The mannequin includes a core that emulates flexibility of a substantially inflexible skeletal portion of the body part, and a pliant covering. The pliant covering includes a pliant three-dimensional surface that emulates contours of an epidermis of the body part, and at least one pliant three-dimensional interior portion to emulate resiliency of a pliant portion of the body part. At least one pressure sensor is arranged between the three-dimensional surface and the core to sense pressure applied against the pliant three-dimensional surface.