A force transducer is disclosed, which is arranged in such a way that, when a force is applied to the force transducer, two output signals from the force transducer are generated, which output signals are representative of the force components in a first plane and in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane, respectively, whereas force components in a third plane perpendicular to the first plane and the second plane do not affect the output signals from the force transducer. Furthermore, a measuring device is disclosed, comprising a handle comprising such a force transducer and a base unit, to which the handle is attached. Even further, a system for measuring muscle stiffness is disclosed, comprising a measuring unit and a processing unit, the measuring unit comprising such a measuring device.

In certain embodiments, a gaming pedal assembly comprises a base platform and a pedal arm rotatably coupled to the base platform at a first mounting location that provides a first axis of rotation for the pedal arm relative to the base platform. The gaming pedal assembly further includes a piston assembly having a resistance profile, the piston assembly coupled to the pedal arm at a coupling location that provides a second axis of rotation for the piston assembly relative to the pedal arm. The piston assembly is rotatably coupled to the base platform at a second mounting location that provides a third axis of rotation for the piston assembly relative to the base platform. The piston assembly compresses according to the resistance profile of the piston assembly in response to a user interface region of the pedal arm receiving a pressing force.

In certain embodiments, a gaming pedal assembly comprises a base platform and a pedal arm rotatably coupled to the base platform at a first mounting location that provides a first axis of rotation for the pedal arm relative to the base platform. The gaming pedal assembly further includes a piston assembly having a resistance profile, the piston assembly coupled to the pedal arm at a coupling location that provides a second axis of rotation for the piston assembly relative to the pedal arm. The piston assembly is rotatably coupled to the base platform at a second mounting location that provides a third axis of rotation for the piston assembly relative to the base platform. The piston assembly compresses according to the resistance profile of the piston assembly in response to a user interface region of the pedal arm receiving a pressing force.

A force sensor includes a sensor chip that detects displacements in multiple axial directions, and a strain body that transfers force applied thereto to the sensor chip. The strain body includes a sensor chip mount on which the sensor chip is mounted, multiple columns disposed around and apart from the sensor chip mount, and connecting beams via which the sensor chip mount is fixed to the columns.

A load cell body for transmitting forces and moments in plural directions is disclosed. The load cell body comprises a first member, a second member and a plurality of pairs of support columns. The second member includes a plurality of apertures, where a portion of a plurality of portions of the first member extends into each aperture. The plurality of pairs of support column columns are configured for each portion of the first member and the corresponding aperture of the second member, such that each pair of support columns connects the corresponding portion of the first member to the second member.

An accelerometer is included within the confined space and limited volume of a distal portion of a surgical instrument. The surgical instrument includes an end component, a joint coupled to the end component, a shaft coupled to the joint, and a force transducer and accelerometer apparatus. The force transducer and accelerometer apparatus is coupled between the joint and the shaft. The force transducer and accelerometer apparatus includes a force sensor and an accelerometer. The accelerometer includes an optic fiber having a Fiber Bragg Grating. Information acquired from the Fiber Bragg Grating is used to drive a vibro-tactile haptic feedback output device coupled to a master control arm surgeon grip.

A machine element includes a sensor device for detecting mechanical stresses affecting a hollow cylindrical shaft section. The sensor device is arranged in the hollow cylindrical shaft section positively connected with axial pretension between a first radially inwardly protruding formation and a second radially inwardly protruding formation. The machine element can be produced by first forming a first radially inwardly protruding formation in the hollow shaft section of the machine element. In a subsequent sensor arrangement step, a sensor device is fitted positively in the hollow shaft section on the first radially inwardly protruding formation. Then the second radially inwardly projecting formation is produced in the hollow shaft section in a subsequent joining step. Thereby, the sensor device is joined positively with an axial pretension between the first radially inwardly protruding formation and the second inwardly protruding formation.

A method and an apparatus for generating a horn actuation signal. A load cell is placed inside a steering wheel, which changes its resistance when being stressed or deformed by a force transmitting part of the steering wheel. An actual voltage (V.sub.a) depending on the resistance of the load cell is measured and the horn actuation signal is generated based on the measurement of the actual voltage (V.sub.a). The actual voltage (V.sub.a) depends additionally to the resistance of the load cell and on an adjustable voltage (V.sub.ad) generated by an adjustable voltage generation unit. Additionally, the result of the measurement of the actual voltage (V.sub.a) is permanently compared to a defined value, and the adjustable voltage (V.sub.ad) is adjusted in response to the difference between the result of the measurement of the actual voltage (V.sub.a) and the defined value at least as long as no horn actuation signal is generated, such that closed circuit for controlling the actual voltage (V.sub.a) is provided.

An instrumented pin sensor includes: a support body in the form of a pin having an axial cross section that is only partially circular, forming a first outer surface with a profile that follows the partially circular axial cross section, and a second outer surface with a profile that does not follow the partially circular axial cross section; a strain sensing electrical circuit having at least one strain sensing gauge, the strain sensing electrical circuit fixedly disposed on the second outer surface; a plurality of electrical leads having a first end electrically connected to the strain sensing electrical circuit and fixedly attached to the second outer surface of the support body, and a second end extending from the support body; wherein the second outer surface runs the entire length of the support body with material of the support body only on an underside of the second outer surface.

An accelerometer is included within the confined space and limited volume of a distal portion of a surgical instrument. The surgical instrument includes an end component, a joint coupled to the end component, a shaft coupled to the joint, and a force transducer and accelerometer apparatus. The force transducer and accelerometer apparatus is coupled between the joint and the shaft. The force transducer and accelerometer apparatus includes a force sensor and an accelerometer. The accelerometer includes an optic fiber having a Fiber Bragg Grating. Information acquired from the Fiber Bragg Grating is used to drive a vibro-tactile haptic feedback output device coupled to a master control arm surgeon grip.