A method for enhancing vacuum tolerance of optical levitation particles includes steps of: (1) turning on a trapping laser to form an optical trap, loading the particles to an effective capture region of the optical trap, and collecting scattered light signals; (2) turning on the preheating laser, and directing a preheating laser beam to the captured particles; (3) adjusting a power of the preheating laser until a particle heating rate is larger than a heat dissipation rate; (4) turning on the vacuum pump, and stopping evacuating when a vacuum degree is greater than a vacuum inflection point of a first reduction of the effective capture region of the optical trap; and (5) turning off the preheating laser when the scattered light signals collected by the photodetector no longer changes. The present invention improves a stable capture probability of the particles in high vacuum environment.

A cryogenic temperature controller assembly includes a controller and a thermostatic block that has a chamber for receiving a sample holder therein. The thermostatic block has a heat sink with an exposed surface for exposure to a cryogenic fluid. A heater is disposed intermediate the exposed surface and the chamber. The heater is connected to the controller. A temperature probe is disposed in the thermostatic block. The probe is connected to the controller. The controller regulates the heater based on an actual temperature from the probe to maintain a predetermined set point temperature in the thermostatic block.

A method for determining characteristics of a mesoporous material using a desiccation or hydration test is disclosed. The test may involve using a test fluid and exposing sample of a core to a controlled environment, then weighing the samples. The samples may be core samples, comminuted samples, or cuttings. Utilizing the determined characteristics, properties of the mesoporous material, such as porosities, absolute permeabilities and relative permeabilities may be determined.

A method for detecting a volatile analyte to class and sort cork stoppers depending on concentration of the analyte, detection being performed of concentrations in the order of ng/L (parts per trillion), in a concentrated gas applied to the cork stoppers in closed containment. Under said method, cork stoppers are conveyed individually or groups to an incubation chamber (1); air/nitrogen is injected into the incubation chamber (1), the gas enriched with cork volatile compounds is entrained and carried to the concentration system containing a trap (4) heated by desorption of volatile compounds; the volatile compounds are carried by entraining gas to a detection system (6) recording a signal associated with presence of the analyte, the signal being used for classing the stopper/groups of stoppers; a software receives and compares the signal with a minimum limit, deciding to approve or reject the stopper. A system for implementing this method is described.

A method for determining a column-hemispherical permeation radius with time-varying property of power-law cement grout and tortuosity of rock and soil mass is provided, including: acquiring a porosity ϕ of rock and soil mass and a corresponding permeation coefficient K by geotechnical tests, measuring a groundwater pressure P.sub.0 at a grouting point and determining tortuosity ξ of rock and soil mass; acquiring an initial consistency coefficient c.sub.0, a rheological index n and a time-varying property coefficient k of power-law cement grout with a designed water to cement ratio by rheological tests, and determining the viscosity of water μ.sub.w; acquiring grouting parameters, including a grouting pressure P.sub.1, grouting time t, a number m of grouting holes of a side surface of a grouting pipe and a grouting hole radius r; and solving a column-hemispherical permeation grouting diffusion radius R considering coupling effect both the tortuosity of rock and soil mass and the time-varying property of power-law cement grout.

The present invention relates to a method for measuring the active area of an active material in an electrode, comprising: manufacturing three types of electrodes including a first electrode coated with an electrode mixture including both an electrode active material and a conductive material, a second electrode coated with an electrode mixture which includes the electrode active material as a main ingredient and does not include the conductive material, and a third electrode coated with an electrode mixture which does not include the active material and includes the conductive material as a main ingredient; a cell manufacturing step of manufacturing three types of monocells by using the same types of electrodes; a capacitance measuring step of measuring, from the monocells, capacitance of each electrode used in the monocells; and an active area calculating step of calculating the active area of the electrode active material from the capacitance.

A method comprises determining a mechanical property of a rock sample taking into account (a) a respective amount of each of two or more constituent phases in the rock sample and (b) a corresponding mechanical property parameter associated with each of the two or more constituent phases.

Provided are a porosity deriving method and a porosity deriving device capable of deriving a porosity of an inspection object being conveyed. The porosity deriving method of deriving a porosity of the inspection object includes: a basis weight measuring step including measuring a basis weight of a specific part of the inspection object being conveyed; a thickness measuring step including measuring a thickness of the specific part of the inspection object being conveyed; and a porosity deriving step including deriving a porosity of the inspection object from the basis weight, the thickness, and a true density of the inspection object.

A method for surface characterization of a porous solid or powder sample using flowing gas includes a controller that controls mass flow of a carrier gas and an adsorptive gas to form a mixture having a target concentration of the adsorptive gas over the sample, determining adsorptive gas concentration based on signals from a detector disposed downstream of the sample, automatically repeating the controlling and determining steps for a plurality of different target concentrations, and generating an isotherm for the sample based on the adsorptive gas concentration for the plurality of different target concentrations. The method may include immersing the sample in liquid nitrogen to cool the sample for all, or at least a portion of each of the different target concentrations. The target concentrations may vary from less than 5% to greater than 95%, and may vary in a stepwise manner.

A high-temperature and high-pressure equipment and method for microscopic visual sulfur deposit seepage test is provided by the present disclosure, the equipment comprises an injection system, a high-temperature and high-pressure visual kettle, a pressure supply system, a data acquisition and analysis system, a fluid recovery system, and an injection branch pipe; the injection system comprises an ISCo micro-injection pump, an intermediate container, a thermostatic heating oven and a pressure meter; the intermediate container is arranged in the thermostatic heating oven, the ISCo micro-injection pump is connected to the intermediate container; the data acquisition and analysis system comprises a microscope, a high-brightness light source and a computer; the pressure supply system comprises an annular pressure tracking pump, a back pressure pump, a back pressure valve and a pressure gauge; the fluid recovery system comprises a wide neck flask with rubber stopper, a balance, a flowmeter and an exhaust gas absorber tank.