Systems and methods are described, and one method includes providing an optical fiber extending into a chamber with a volume of the gas; passing an optical beam, from an optical source, through the optical fiber; applying a spectral analysis to the optical beam as received after passing through the optical fiber, and outputting a corresponding spectral analysis signal; and determining, based on the output spectral analysis signal, whether a liquid is carried by the volume of the gas.

A method is provided for detecting a composition of airborne particles. The method includes directing, with a pump, gas including particulate matter through a filter including an indicator dye. The method further includes causing a color change in the filter based on the particulate matter binding to the indicator dye. The method further includes transmitting, with an optical source, an optical signal at the filter. The method further includes detecting, with an imaging device, a reflected signal from the filter. The method further includes determining, with a processor, a value of a parameter of the particulate matter based on the color change, wherein the color change is based on the detected reflected signal.

Various implementations, systems and methods are disclosed for continuous, near real-time, hands-off sampling of airborne particulate matter, and qualification and/or quantification of biomolecules in the sample representative for biologic or microbial contamination. The systems and methods may utilize an electrostatic precipitator for sampling the matter; and a measurement assembly configured to illuminate, excite, or breakdown the sampled matter by electromagnetic radiation, and to detect a spectrum, or one or more wavelength bands of the scatter emitted by the sample. In an exemplary implementation, a sputter deposition process is employed to configure the sample for an enhanced plasmon resonance. The measurement data may be transferred via wireless communication means for cloud storage and signal processing.

An adapter for use with spectrometers for the analysis of gases, comprising a housing which comprises a base body, an accommodator for accommodation of a spectrometer, a housing entrance and a housing exit, the housing entrance comprising an inlet opening and the housing exit comprising an outlet opening, a passage channel being arranged between the inlet opening and the outlet opening, and the base body being arranged between the housing entrance and the housing exit. The base body has at least two openings which are arranged on two sides of the passage channel on opposite sides.

A gas analyzer that easily facilitates alignment is provided. The gas analyzer is a gas analyzer for measuring a predetermined component in a measurement gas by irradiating light on the measurement gas from a light emitting element and receiving light that passes through the measurement gas. The gas analyzer includes a base member configured to be adjustable in position along at least one axis that is not parallel to the optical axis of the light emitting element, and a holding member configured to hold the light emitting element and to be held to the base member in an angularly adjustable manner around at least one axis that is not parallel to the optical axis.

This drone comprises a sensor for measuring representative data, comprising at least one measurement cell that is open to the atmosphere, at least a first laser source configured to inject, into the measurement cell, a first laser beam at a first wavelength characteristic of a first gas to be detected and a second laser source configured to inject, into the measurement cell, a second laser beam at a second wavelength characteristic of a second gas to be detected. The measuring sensor comprises a detector common to the two laser sources, said detector being configured to detect a first measurement signal originating from the measurement cell and resulting from injection of the first laser beam into the measurement cell and a second measurement signal originating from the measurement cell and resulting from injection of the second laser beam into the measurement cell.

A condensation irradiation system is disclosed comprising an electromagnetic radiation emitter mounted on a locating structure, the locating structure being arranged in use to position the radiation emitter so as radiation emitted therefrom travels through a condensation detection region adjacent an upstream side of a gas turbine engine fan.

Provided are an electronic system, an image system, and a method for measuring particulate matter. The electronic system includes an illuminator, a sensor and a processor. The illuminator outputs light. The sensor includes a pixel array to generate an analog signal based on scattered light according to the output light, and a converting circuit to convert the analog signal into digital signals respectively corresponding to gain values, based on the gain values. The processor counts the number of values greater than or equal to a threshold value among values of the digital signals, and calculates a concentration of particulate matter having a target size range, based on a variation in the counted number according to a change of the gain values.

A device and a method are provided for measuring the moisture in die cast molds, the cavity of which is connected via an evacuation conduit to an evacuation device. The modular assembly of the device is connectable to the evacuation conduit and includes a sensor assembly to measure the moisture of gases evacuated from the mold cavity. The sensor assembly includes an emitter emitting electromagnetic radiation and a detector detecting electromagnetic radiation. On the basis of the measured values obtained during the evacuation action it can be determined whether the amount of a water/release agent mixture jetted into the mold cavity needs to be altered before the actual casting action.

This invention consists of sensors and algorithms to image, detect, and quantify the presence of hydrocarbon gas (for example from leaks) using a short-wave infrared radiation detector array with multiple spectral filters under natural sunlight or artificial illumination, in combination with the hydrodynamics of turbulent gas jets and buoyant plumes. Multiple embodiments are recited and address detection and quantification of methane gas leaks. Quantification includes gas column densities, gas concentration estimates, total mass, hole size estimates, and estimated emission flux (leak rate) of gas from holes and cracks in pressurized vessels, pipes, components, and general gas infrastructure, and from surface patches (for example due to gas leaks in underground pipes) under the action of buoyancy and wind. These and similar embodiments are applicable more generally to natural gas and other hydrocarbon gases, liquids, emulsions, solids, and particulates, and to emissions monitoring of greenhouse gases methane and carbon dioxide.