A process for activating the surface of an electrode based on DLC amorphous carbon by an electrochemical treatment including at least the following steps (i) and (ii), carried out in this order: (i) applying, to the electrode, an electrical excitation in the form of an alternation of cathodic and anodic electrical pulses, these being current or voltage pulses, in contact with an aqueous electrolyte including at least one oxidizing species of a redox pair having a standard potential, at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, denoted E0, strictly greater than 0, and at least one base salt; and (ii) applying, to the electrode that was previously subjected to step (i), an electrical excitation in the form of an alternation of cathodic and anodic electrical pulses, these being voltage pulses, in contact with an aqueous electrolyte devoid of electroactive species.

An electrical stability testing device includes a cup configured to receive a fluid sample. The testing device also includes a pair of electrodes positioned at least partially within the cup. The electrodes are spaced apart from one another by a predetermined gap. The electrodes are configured to have the fluid sample positioned within the predetermined gap while performing an ES test on the fluid sample in the cup. The testing device also includes a wiper positioned at least partially within the cup. The wiper is configured to pass between the electrodes after the ES test has concluded. A width of the wiper is greater than the predetermined gap between the electrodes. The wiper is configured to deform as the wiper passes through the predetermined gap such that the width becomes substantially equal to the predetermined gap and sides of the wiper contact ends of the electrodes to clean the electrodes.

A self-vibrating pH probe comprise a housing containing an electronic assembly to which is coupled a vibration source element so that at least a portion of vibrations caused by the vibration source element propagate to the electronic assembly, the vibration source element being controllable for at least on/off operation. The self-vibrating pH probe further comprising a pH probe member having a probe tip at a first end, the probe member extending from the housing and mechanically and electrically coupled by a second end to the electronic assembly so that at least a portion of vibrations propagating to the electronic assembly further propagate to the probe tip; and further including a processor coupled to the electronic assembly for coordinating operation of the vibration source element and operation of the pH probe member.

Disclosed is an electrochemical probe system and an electrical excitation method, configured in a handheld sorting system, and used to identify the composition of metals and alloys.

Disclosed is an electrochemical probe system and an electrical excitation method, configured in a handheld sorting system, and used to identify the composition of metals and alloys.

An electrode cleaning and calibration system generally comprises a sensor holder assembly machined from a block of solid acrylic or similar plastic material, which can accommodate a variety of types and sizes of sensors for use in monitoring and measurement of water processing and treatment processes. Examples of sensors suitable for use in the system include pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, ozone sensors, total suspended solid sensors, mixed liquor suspended solid sensors, ammonia sensors, monochloramine sensors, and ultraviolent transmittance sensors.

An electrode cleaning and calibration system generally comprises a sensor holder assembly machined from a block of solid acrylic or similar plastic material, which can accommodate a variety of types and sizes of sensors for use in monitoring and measurement of water processing and treatment processes. Examples of sensors suitable for use in the system include pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, ozone sensors, total suspended solid sensors, mixed liquor suspended solid sensors, ammonia sensors, monochloramine sensors, and ultraviolent transmittance sensors.

Apparatus (2) for sensing at least one parameter in water, which apparatus (2) comprises: (i) at least one electrode based sensor (4, 6) for sensing at least one parameter in water; and which apparatus (2) is such that: (ii) the electrode based sensor (4, 6) has a self-cleaning electrode; (iii) the electrode based sensor (4, 6) has a reference electrode; (iv) the self-cleaning electrode is stable in water; (v) the apparatus (2) is configured to operate by liberating chlorine from the water using a first waveform applied to the self-cleaning electrode; (VI) the apparatus (2) is configured to operate by liberating chlorine and oxygen from the water using a second waveform applied to the self-cleaning electrode; and (VII) the apparatus (2) is configured to preserve the condition of the reference electrode by periodically regenerating the reference electrode.

Methods of maintaining accuracy in the measurement of one or more parameters of industrial water in industrial water systems are provided. The methods include the use of physical and/or chemical procedures to prevent and/or remove deposition from one or more surfaces utilized in measurement of the one or more parameters. The deposition may be caused by, for example, corrosion, fouling, or microbiological growth.

The object of the present invention is a microfluidic method for cleaning and/or regenerating at least one microfluidic sensor comprising at least one glass microchannel forming a microfluidic circuit and at least two electrodes, comprising at least the following steps of cleaning the microfluidic circuit, comprising at least the circulation of a fluid sample in the microchannel; and step of cleaning the microfluidic circuit, comprising at least the circulation of a nitric acid solution in the microchannel.